Abx - details

Question 1

PBP Inhibitor (4)

Answer 1

1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
4) Aztreonam

Question 2

MOA for Vancomycin

Answer 2

D-ala-D-ala pentapeptide inhibitor

Question 3

MOA for Bacitracin

Answer 3

Blocks incorporation of amino acids and nucleic acids into cell wall

Question 4

MOA for fosfomycin

Answer 4

Disrupts disaccharide building block

Question 5

Adverse effects for Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Answer 5

hypersensitiviy - anaphylactic

Question 6

Adverse effects for Carbapenems

Answer 6

GI discomfort

Question 7

Adverse effects for Vancomycin

Answer 7

Flushing - Red man syndrome

Question 8

Adverse effects for Bacitracin

Answer 8

Rare (used as topical)

Question 9

Adverse effects for Fosfomycin

Answer 9

well tolearted

Question 10

Adverse effects for Azetreonam

Answer 10

Rash

Itching

Question 11

Which protein synthesis inhibitors bind 30s? (2)

Answer 11

aminoglycosides

tetracycline

Question 12

Which protein synthesis inhibitors bind 50s (3)?

Answer 12

1) macrolide
2) clindamycin
3) cholramphenicol

Question 13

MOA for aminoglycosides

Answer 13

Binds 30s

Blocks tRNA from binding (step 1)

Question 14

MOA for macrolides

Answer 14

binds 50s

Disrupts translocation to P site (Step 4)

Question 15

MOA for tetracyclines

Answer 15

binds 30s
blocks tRNA from binding
(same as aminoglycosides)

Question 16

MOA for clindamycin

Answer 16

binds 50s

prevents tRNA from binding and prevents translocation to P site

Question 17

MOA for chloraphemnicol

Answer 17

binds 50s

prevents peptide bond formation

Question 18

MOA for linezolid

Answer 18

*unique

prevents the very first step of protein synthesis

Question 19

Adverse effects for aminoglycosides

Answer 19

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity

Question 20

Adverse effects for macrolides

Answer 20

GI - diarrhea

Question 21

Adverse effects for tetracycline

Answer 21

photosensitivity
nutrient interaction
disrupts normal flora

Question 22

Adverse effects for clindamycin

Answer 22

GI

Highly associated with C diff.

Question 23

Adverse effects for chloramphenicol

Answer 23

Blood - anemia

Gray baby syndrome (infants lack glucoronic acid for conjugation)

Question 24

Adverse effects for linezolid

Answer 24

myelosuppression

Question 25

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has narrow spectrum while the others have broad?

Answer 25

clindamycin

Question 26

1) structurally similar to PABA 2) prevents PABA from binding 3) inhibits DNA synthesis

Answer 26

Sulfonamides (similar to dapsone in antimycobacterial)

Question 27

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase | blocks purine synthesis

Answer 27

Trimethoprim

Question 28

MOA for fluoroquinones

Answer 28

DNA gyrase inhibitor | disrupts winding and unwinding of DNA

Question 29

Adverse effects of sulfonamides

Answer 29

skin - hypersensitivity, photosensitivity | Stevens-Johnson

Question 30

Adverse effects of trimethoprim

Answer 30

Blood and bone

Question 31

Adverse effects of fluoroquinonones (3)

Answer 31

GI nutrient interactions Cardio - QT prolongation

Question 32

Which two drugs have nutrient interactions?

Answer 32

Tetracycline | Fluoroquinonones

Question 33

MOA for metronidazole

Answer 33

prodrug that is activated by bacteria and releases ROS

Question 34

Adverse effects for metronidazole

Answer 34

GI | inhibits/disrupts proper elimination of alcohol --> disulfiram effect

Question 35

Metronidazole is only effective against which type of bacteria?

Answer 35

anaerobic

Question 36

Metronidazole is used to treat what type of infection?

Answer 36

mild to moderate C. diff

Question 37

MOA of Daptomycin

Answer 37

depolarization of membrane --> cell death

Question 38

MOA of polymyxin B

Answer 38

sticks to LPS and punches holes

Question 39

Polymyxin B is only effective against which type of bacteria?

Answer 39

Gram neg (LPS present)

Question 40

Adverse effects of Daptomycin

Answer 40

toxic to muscles

Question 41

Adverse effects of polymyxin B

Answer 41

rare (used as topical, often mixed with bacitracin)