Antiparasitic

Question 1

intestinal and luminal infections - 3 types

Answer 1

1) Giardiasis
2) Amebiasis
3) Trichomoniasis

Question 2

Drug of choice for intestinal and luminal infections

Answer 2

metronidazole

Question 3

In Giardiasis and Amebiasis, which form invades mucosa and which is dormant

Answer 3

trophozoite - invades mucosa

cyst - dormant

Question 4

Not effective against cyst form

Answer 4

Metronidazole

Question 5

MOA for metronidazole

Answer 5

1) Prodrug, metabolized by PFOR (found only in parasites)

2) Intermediates bind and disrupt protein, DNA structure and function

Question 6

Resistance for metronidazole

Answer 6

Rare but increasing, less common in Entamoeba.

In Trichomonas, it’s correlated with decreased PFOR and increase activity of other oxidoreductases

Question 7

Halogenated hydroxyquinolone

Answer 7

Iodoquinol

Question 8

Effective against trophozoite form of Entamoeba that are in lumen, NOT those that have invaded tissues
- Very effective against cyst form

Answer 8

Iodoquinol

Question 9

Resistance for iodoquinol

Answer 9

not observed

Question 10

1) Aminoglycoside abx that inhibits protein synthesis

2) Good with eliminating trophozoite and cyst forms of Entamoeba in lumen, NOT trophozoites in tissues

Answer 10

Paromomycin

Question 11

Can be used to treat asymptomatic or mild cases of Amebiasis

If severe, use in combo with metronidazole

Answer 11

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

Question 12

Must follow up treatment of metronidazole with what drug(s) to be effective against cyst forms?

Answer 12

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

Question 13

3 Opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDs patients

Answer 13

1) Cryptosporidiosis
2) Pneumocystitis
3) Toxoplasmosis

Question 14

Treatment of cyrptosporidiosis (2)

Answer 14

1) Paromomycin

2) Nitazoxanide

Question 15

MOA of nitazoxanide

Answer 15

inhibitor of PFOR

Question 16

Treatment of pneumocystitis

Answer 16

TMP-SMX

Question 17

Treatment of toxoplasmosis

Answer 17

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

Question 18

Prevents synthesis of folate

Answer 18

MOA for sulfonamides

Question 19

Prevents synthesis of THF

Answer 19

MOA for diaminopyrimidines

Question 20

Resistance for nitazoxanide

Answer 20

none observed

Question 21

Resistance for TMP-SMX and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

Answer 21

widely reported

Question 22

Antimalarial drugs (7)

Answer 22

1) Chloroquine
2) Quinine
3) Mefloquine
4) Primaquine
5) Malarone
6) Doxycycline
7) Arteminisinin derivatives

Question 23

Which antimalarial is only one that is effective against hepatic stage?

Answer 23

primaquine

Question 24

MOA of chloroquine

Answer 24

Interferes with parasitic ability to detoxify compounds during degradation of Hb

Question 25

Resistance: efflux pump

Answer 25

Chloroquine

Question 26

MOA of quinine

Answer 26

- Localize to digestive vacuoles | - Interferes with parasitic DNA (transcription and replication)

Question 27

Cinchonism and Hypoglycemia

Answer 27

Adverse effects of quinine

Question 28

Generally not used as prophylaxis due to toxicity

Answer 28

quinine

Question 29

Resistance begining to emerge, esp in Asia

Answer 29

quinine

Question 30

- Derivative of quinine - Targets intraerythrocytic forms - Both prophylaxis and treatment

Answer 30

mefloquine

Question 31

Must be activated by host | RBC lysis with G6PD deficiency

Answer 31

Primaquine

Question 32

Drug of choice for treating dormant liver forms of P. vivax and P. ovale

Answer 32

Primaquine

Question 33

Components of Malarone

Answer 33

Atovaquone and Proguanil

Question 34

Inhibits DHFR, rarely used alone

Answer 34

Proguanil

Question 35

MOA of doxycycline

Answer 35

Antibacterial agent that inhibits protein synthesis (tetracycline)

Question 36

Photosensitivity and staining of teeth

Answer 36

Doxycycline

Question 37

Doxycycline is contraindicated for which two groups?

Answer 37

pregnant women and children

Question 38

- Targets bloodstream forms | - Used in MDR strains of P. falciparum

Answer 38

Artemisinin derivatives

Question 39

Drug of choice for intestinal nematodes

Answer 39

Benzimidazoles

Question 40

Drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis

Answer 40

Ivermectin

Question 41

Drug of choice for pinworm infections

Answer 41

Pyrantel Pamoate

Question 42

Drug of choice for cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)

Answer 42

Praziquantel

Question 43

Second line treatment for strongyloidiasis

Answer 43

Thiabendazole

Question 44

Topical treatment for cutaneous larval migrans

Answer 44

Thiabendazole

Question 45

3 types of Benzimidazoles

Answer 45

1) Albendazole 2) Mebendazole 3) Thiabendazole

Question 46

Inhibits assembly of microtubules --> disrupts mitosis | - causes paralysis

Answer 46

Benzimidazoles

Question 47

This benzimidazole has higher toxicity than the others

Answer 47

Thiabendazole

Question 48

Contraindications for use of benzimidazoles

Answer 48

Do not use in pregnant women and children under 2

Question 49

Hyperpolarization causes muscle paralysis

Answer 49

MOA for Ivermectin

Question 50

Treatment for tissue-dwelling nematodes such as river blindness, eye worm, lymphatic filarial worms, etc

Answer 50

Ivermectin

Question 51

Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade

Answer 51

MOA for pyrantel pamoate

Question 52

Increase in calcium permeability leading to depolarization of tegument - exposes proteins for host immune response

Answer 52

Praziquantel