Abx MOA

Question 1

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 1

• Natural penicillins = PenG, PenV
• Extended spectrum penicillins
  -Carbapenems
  -Cephalosporins
• B lactam inhibitors

Question 2

Cel wall disruptors

Answer 2

Polymyxin
Bactitracin
Vancomycin

Question 3

30s subuit

Answer 3

Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides

Question 4

502 sub unit

Answer 4

Macrolides
Lincomycin/Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Linezolid

Question 5

RNA polymerase

Answer 5

Rifampin

Question 6

DNA damage and instability

Answer 6

Nitroimdazole abx

Question 7

DNA gyrase

Answer 7

FQ

Question 8

Interference w folate synthesis

Answer 8

sulfonamidses
potentiated sulfonamides

Question 9

Bactericidal

Answer 9

• Betalactam
• Cell wall disruptors - vancomycin, polymyxin, bacitracin
• Potentiated sulfas
• FQ
• aminoglycosides
• Rifampin

Question 10

Bacteriostatic

Answer 10

Sulfonamides (unpotentiated)
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Clindamycin/Lincomycin
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofurantoin

Question 11

Conc dependent

Answer 11

Polymyxin
Fluroquinolones
Rifampin
Aminoglycosides
Nitrofurantoin

Question 12

Time dependent

Answer 12

Beta-lactam antibiotics
Vancomycin
Sulfonamides
Macrolides
Lincomycin/Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline

Question 13

Abx diffuse BBB

Answer 13

• Good penetration
  BBB Abs = TOM’S CD
  -TMP-S, Ofloxacin, Metronidazole, Sulfas, Chloramphenicol, Doxy)
  TMP-S (cidal)
  Metronidazole (cidal)
  Ofloxacin (cidal)
  Chloramphenicol (static)
  Sulfa (static)
  Doxy (static)
  Other drugs: fluconazole, pyrazinamide, isonizid

Question 14

Gram (-) coverage

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides
FQ
3rd gen ceph
ext spect penecilins
Ext spect pen/B-lac inh
Carbapenems
Choramphenicol
Aminopen/B-lac int

Question 15

Gram (+) Coverage

Answer 15

Penicillin
aminopenicillin
1st gen ceph
antistaphylococal
carbapenems
Chloramphenical
FQ
Glycopeptides
clindamycin

Question 16

Anaerobic

Answer 16

Penicillin
aminopenicillin
2nd gen ceph
chloramphenicol
Carbapenem
metro
Ext spec Pen/B-lac inh
Aminopen/B-lact inh
Clindamycin

Question 17

Atypical

Answer 17

Tetracrolides
Macrolides
FQ
Rifamycin
Chloramphenical

Question 18

1st gen cephalosporins

Answer 18

Cephalexin, cefazolin, cefadroxil
- Methicillin sus staph and strep and aerobes, some activity against gram – aerobes. Unpredictable against anaerobes

Question 19

2nd gen ceph

Answer 19

Cefaclor, cefotetan, cefoxitin
- Improved activity against gram – aerobes and anaerobes. Cefoxitin has greater stability against anaerobic b lactamases

Question 20

3rd gen ceph

Answer 20

Cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftiofur, cefotasime, ceftriaxone, cefovecin, ceftazidime
- Gram – bacteria, some have less activity against gram + and anaerobes

Question 21

4th gen ceph

Answer 21

Cefepime
- G+ cocci, G- bacilli, many b lactamase producing g- infection

Question 22

Prado

Answer 22

• Still has gram - activity like other FQ
• enhanced aerobic gram (+) and activity against anaerobes

Question 23

Aerobes (“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”)

Answer 23

Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria
explains TB’s preference for the apices of the lung (highest PO2)
Bacillus
Bordatella

Question 24

Anaerobes (“ABC”)

Answer 24

Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium
Fusobacterium

Question 25

Microaerophilic ("a bit of air for 'bacter")

Answer 25

Campylobacter Helicobacter Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 26

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 26

Lactobacillus most other bacteria!

Question 27

extended spectrum antibiotics (penecillin)

Answer 27

Carbenicillin, ticarcillin - gram +, anaerobes, gram – - Extended gram – :Pseudomonas, Serratia, Proteus sp. and some Klebsiella sp., Shigella sp, Enterobacter sp. -β-lactamase sensitive, can combine with clavulanate

Question 28

Gram + Cocci bacteria

Answer 28

Enetrococcus Staph Strep

Question 29

Gram + bacilli

Answer 29

Actinomyces Nocardia Mycobacterium listeria lactobacillus Corynebacterium Clostridium Bacillus

Question 30

Gram _ cocci

Answer 30

Neisseria Moraxela

Question 31

Gram - bacilli

Answer 31

Bacteroides Citrobacter E. coli Enterobacter Fusobacterium Proteus Pseudomonas Klebsiella Moraxella Pasturella Salmonela Yersinia

Question 32

Gram (-) bacilli and coccobacilil

Answer 32

bartonella bordetella camplyobacter clamydia erlichia francisella tularenis Helicobacter

Question 33

Chemo drugs BBB

Answer 33

CCNU, Cytosar, Procarbazine

Question 34

Antibiotics that penetrate the prostate

Answer 34

Baytril, TMS, chloramphenicol, macrolides

Question 35

Antibiotics that penetrate BBB

Answer 35

Baytril, TMPS, chloramphenicol, metro, doxy

Question 36

Toxicity of aminoglycosides? Which one affects vestibular nerve? Cochlear nerve? Etc

Answer 36

Cochlear nerve = KAN: kanamycin, amikacin, neomycin Vestibular nerve = gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin

Question 37

Neurotoxicity of metronidazole?

Answer 37

Central vestibular disease

Question 38

How does enro react w/ theophylline

Answer 38

Enrofloxacin inhibit CYP1A activity in dogs 🡪 increases theophylline (a CYP1A substrate) concentration - 30% dose reduction of theophylline.

Question 39

what drug does ketoconazole effect

Answer 39

Ketoconazole inhibits CYP3A (another CYPs) 🡪 inhibits cyclosporine metabolism