Abx Review Slides

Question 1

b-lactams AE

Answer 1

• type I IgE (mins-hr)
• serum sickness (circulating complexes)
• morbiliform rash
• neuro rxns (seizure, encephalopathy)
• diarrhea
• hepatitis
• renal (glomerulonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis)
• hematologic (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia)

Question 2

hepatitis

Answer 2

oxacillin, ceftriaxone

Question 3

b-lactam w broad gram - coverage: pseudomonas infections, HApneumonia, abd infections

Answer 3

piperacillin

Question 4

b-lactam w broad gram - coverage: intrabd infections, diabetic foot infections

Answer 4

ampicillin + sublactam(a b-lactamase inhibitor)

Question 5

covers group A strep pharyngitis, syphillis

Answer 5

penicillin

Question 6

covers MSSA, and some streptococci

Answer 6

oxacillin

Question 7

covers enterococcus, listeria, otitis media

Answer 7

ampicillin

Question 8

CSF penetration

Answer 8

3rd gen cephalosporins

ceftriaxone
ceftazidime

Question 9

renal excretion

Answer 9

• most cephalosporins
• vancomycin
• aminoglycosides

Question 10

ceftaroline

Answer 10

MRSA coverage

Question 11

ceftriaxone

Answer 11

3rd gen cephalo

• excellent activity against streptococci pneumonia
• many gram - rods
• CNS
• NO pseudomonas

Question 12

cefepime

Answer 12

4th gen cephalo

• gram + coverage
• gram - coverage (PSEUDOMONAS)
• no anaerobic activity
• hospital-acquired infections w/ fever + unknown organism

Question 13

used to tx gram - rods that prod ESBL

Answer 13

carbapenems

Question 14

oral admin for c. diff

Answer 14

vancomycin

Question 15

50S

Answer 15

linezolid
clindamycin
macrolides

Question 16

30S

Answer 16

tetracyclines

aminoglycosides

Question 17

major uses of tetracyclines

Answer 17

• community acquired and atypical pneumonia
• tick-born illnesses
• community acquired MRSA

Question 18

tetracyclines AE

Answer 18

• yellow teeth children <8
• esophageal ulceration
• photosensitivity
• TERATOGEN

Question 19

aminoglycosides major uses

Answer 19

• SERIOUS gram -

- synergy w/ beta lactam for enterococcus faecalis endocarditis

Question 20

aminoglycosides AE

Answer 20

inner ears, kidneys toxicity

Question 21

potent inhibitor of p450

Answer 21

erythromycin

Question 22

erythromycin AE

Answer 22

QT prolongation

drug-drug interactions

Question 23

macrolides uses

Answer 23

• URI
• community acquired pneumonia
• PCN allergy

Question 24

can inhibit toxin production in toxin prod strains of staph and strep

Answer 24

clindamycin

Question 25

clindamycin use

Answer 25

anaerobic, strep and staph

Question 26

linezolid uses

Answer 26

gram + cocci (esp RESISTANT - MRSA, VRE)

Question 27

linezolid AE

Answer 27

- BM suppression - serotonin syndrome - peripheral neuropathy - optic neuropathy

Question 28

ciproflaxin use

Answer 28

mainly gram - (including ciprofloxacin)

Question 29

levofloxacin use

Answer 29

some gram - | better gram + (including S. pneumoniae)

Question 30

moxifloxacin

Answer 30

gram - better gram + some anaerobic *NO* UTI

Question 31

fluroquinolones AE

Answer 31

QT prolongation tendon rupture cartilage erosion in immature animals

Question 32

SMX-TMR use

Answer 32

gram + cocci (community strains MRSA) gram - rods (E. coli) toxoplasma gondii pneuomocystitis jirovecii

Question 33

SMX-TMR AE

Answer 33

kernicterus | nephrotoxicity

Question 34

metronidazole use

Answer 34

gram - anaerobes (bacteroides) gram + anaerobes (clostridium) protozoa

Question 35

metronidazole AE

Answer 35

- N/V - peripheral neuropathy - disulfiram-like rxn