ac 1.3 describe models of criminal justice

Question 1

What is the primary focus of the crime control model?

Answer 1

Suppression of crime, prioritizing catching and punishing offenders

This model emphasizes deterring and preventing further crime.

Question 2

What presumption does the crime control model start with?

Answer 2

Presumption of guilt

This model trusts police to identify those who are probably guilty.

Question 3

What does the crime control model argue about wrongful convictions?

Answer 3

A few innocent people convicted by mistake is a price worth paying

This is justified by the goal of convicting a large number of guilty individuals.

Question 4

How does the crime control model view the role of police?

Answer 4

Police should be freed from unnecessary legal technicalities

This is to enable them to investigate crime effectively.

Question 5

What is the process described in the crime control model for handling suspects?

Answer 5

A conveyor belt or assembly line justice system

This system speedily prosecutes, convicts, and punishes suspects.

Question 6

What does the crime control model emphasize regarding society’s rights?

Answer 6

Emphasizes the rights of society and victims to be protected from crime

This is prioritized over the rights of suspects.

Question 7

Who was Colin Stagg and why is he mentioned?

Answer 7

Targeted as he fit the profile of a loner

Undercover officers were used to try to extract a confession.

Question 8

What is a key criticism of the crime control model related to wrongful convictions?

Answer 8

Difficulty in successful appeals after wrongful convictions

This highlights concerns about the justice process.

Question 9

What is the primary goal of the due process model?

Answer 9

To protect the accused from oppression by the state and its agents

This includes police, prosecutors, and judges.

Question 10

What presumption does the due process model start with?

Answer 10

Presumption of innocence

The accused is considered innocent until proven guilty.

Question 11

How does the due process model view the ability of police?

Answer 11

Has less faith in police’s ability to conduct satisfactory investigations

This reflects a more cautious approach towards law enforcement practices.

Question 12

What is the purpose of due process rules in the context of suspects and defendants’ rights?

Answer 12

To safeguard rights during investigations and trials

Due process rules include arrest procedures, questioning, legal representation, admissibility of evidence, and cross-examination of witnesses.

Question 13

What can sometimes allow the guilty to go free in the justice system?

Answer 13

Technicalities in due process rules

This reflects the balance between safeguarding individual rights and the pursuit of justice.

Question 14

Which model emphasizes the rights of the accused individual over those of the victim or society?

Answer 14

Due process model

This model prioritizes protecting individual rights against potential abuses by the state.

Question 15

What is the crime control model characterized by?

Answer 15

A right-wing conservative approach to justice

It supports zero tolerance policing strategies and greater police powers.

Question 16

According to functionalism, what is the main function of justice?

Answer 16

To punish the guilty and express society’s moral outrage

This function reinforces societal moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion.

Question 17

What does the due process model aim to prevent?

Answer 17

State agencies from oppressing people

The model seeks to ensure lawful procedures are followed by police.

Question 18

True or False: The crime control model favors limiting police powers.

Answer 18

False

The crime control model advocates for greater police powers to combat crime.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The due process model requires police to follow _______.

Answer 19

lawful procedures

This is crucial to prevent illegal actions and harassment of individuals.

Question 20

What temptation might police face under the due process model?

Answer 20

To act illegally and harass negatively labeled groups

This highlights the potential for abuse if proper procedures are not followed.

Question 21

What does left realism argue?

Answer 21

It argues that the appressive militaristic policing of poor areas triggers confrontations and makes residents unwilling to assist the police.

Question 22

What is required of police in terms of due process?

Answer 22

Police must act in a lawful and non-discriminatory way.

Question 23

What is a suspect’s right regarding their arrest?

Answer 23

The suspect has the right to know why they are being arrested.

Question 24

What right does a suspect have when questioned by police?

Answer 24

The right to remain silent.

Question 25

What is a suspect's right regarding detention?

Answer 25

The right not to be detained indefinitely without charge.

Question 26

What right does a suspect have concerning trial?

Answer 26

The right to trial by a jury of one's peers.

Question 27

What right does a convicted individual have?

Answer 27

The right to appeal against conviction or sentence.

Question 28

What is the rule regarding re-trial for acquitted individuals?

Answer 28

The right not to be re-tried for the same offence once acquitted.

Question 29

What governs the admissibility of evidence in court?

Answer 29

Rules governing the admissibility of evidence in court.

Question 30

What duty does the prosecution have regarding evidence?

Answer 30

The prosecution has a duty to disclose evidence against the defendant in advance of the trial.

Question 31

What police rights exist regarding questioning and searching?

Answer 31

Police have rights to stop, question, search, and arrest without giving a reason in some circumstances.

Question 32

What can the court do if a defendant remains silent?

Answer 32

The court may draw negative inferences if the defendant remains silent when questioned by police or fails to testify without good reason.

Question 33

What is allowed regarding extended police detention?

Answer 33

Extended police detention is allowed for questioning in indictable and terrorism cases.

Question 34

For what types of cases are jury trials available?

Answer 34

Jury trials are only for serious cases.

Question 35

Are appeal rights always automatic?

Answer 35

No, appeal rights are not always automatic.

Question 36

What change was made to the double jeopardy rule?

Answer 36

The change allows a second prosecution if new and compelling evidence emerges.

Question 37

What evidence can be presented regarding a defendant's character?

Answer 37

Evidence of bad character or previous convictions.

Question 38

What may public-interest immunity certificates allow?

Answer 38

They may allow the prosecution to avoid disclosing evidence.