AC1.1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are values?
General principles/guidelines that shape the way we should live our lives
What are norms?
Socially internalised standards
What is deviance?
Behaviour that differs from the normal, can be good, bizarre, or bad. The ‘bad’ form of deviance can range from trivial instances such as queue jumping, all the way to rape and murder
What is criminal behaviour?
Deviance that is so disruptive that the state must intervene on behalf of society
How is their criminality without deviance?
Deviance is subjective so some crimes such as consumption of recreational drugs, is viewed by many to not be deviant
How is their deviance that isn’t criminal?
In the same way some think the law is too harsh, others think it’s not harsh enough. This is how you get actions that are viewed as deviant by some but aren’t illegal in the eyes of the law
What are summary offences?
Lesser crimes tried by magistrates
What are indictable offences?
More serious crimes tried in a Crown Court before a judge and jury
What is Actus reus & Mens rea?
Two elements an action requires to be considered criminal by the court. Actus reus translates to ‘a guilty act’, and Mens rea translates to ‘a guilty mind’. Meaning an action must be implicitly a crime and acted with bad intentions
What are formal sanctions?
Ones imposed by official bodies such as the police, courts, schools, and other institutions for the breaking of formal written rules/laws
What are informal sanctions?
Disparagement is shun upon someone in many ‘informal’ ways such as a telling off, refusing to speak, or even a disapproving look, for breaking socially internalised ‘unspoken rules’
What are positive sanctions?
Positive consequences for behaviour which society approves. These can be formal such as winning a medal, or informal such as receiving praise
What is social control?
An umbrella term for the aforementioned ways in which society seeks to control its members behaviour to align with the set out norms and rules
What is a custodial sentence?
Imprisonment for adults and detention in a young offender’s institution for young offenders. Can vary from a matter of days to life imprisonment
What is a community sentence?
Served whilst being a part of society opposed to locked away in jail. Can include unpaid work, probation orders, restrictions such as curfews, attendance to anger management courses, mandatory drug testing
What are fines?
Financial penalty, size of penalty varies on severity of the offence, if it’s a repeat offence and the offender’s financial situation
What is discharge?
The defendant is technically guilty, but punishment would be inappropriate so they are either granted absolute discharge or conditional discharge where they can’t commit no further offence for a given period but either way it is not classified as a conviction
What are cautions?
Warnings given by police to anyone 10 and over for minor crimes
What are conditional cautions?
One must stick to certain rules and restrictions, such as going to treatments for drug abuse
What are penalty notices for disorder?
Similar to cautions except they come with a penalty
