AC2.2. - individualistic theories

Question 1

Summarise social learning theory

Answer 1

The idea that we learn by watching and imitating others

Question 2

Summarise Bandura’s 1977 Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 2

Sample of 72 primary school children. 24 observed an aggressive adult model. 24 observed a calm adult model. 24 control group. Children watched how the adult model behaved when playing with toys then they were asked to play. Children who observed aggressive adult imitated the behaviour.

Question 3

Strengths of SLT

Answer 3

• Experiment conducted in a controlled environment with controlled variables (more reliable)
• Supportes the idea that we learn by observing others

Question 4

Weaknesses of SLT

Answer 4

• Artificial setting doesn’t represent how people behave in their natural environment
• Deterministic
• Ethical issues around studying children and potential for demand characterstics and social desirability bias

Question 5

Summarise Freud’s psychodynamic theories

Answer 5

• Our behaviour is the result of unconcious thoughts
• Personality is made of the selfish, impulsive Id, the moralistic superego and the Ego which acts as a mediator
• An underdeveloped superego and dominant Id could lead to criminal behaviour
• Stable environment in childhood needed for a balanced personality

Question 6

Strengths of psychodynamic theories

Answer 6

• Recognises importance of early childhood experiences and socialisation
• Recognises how unconcious processes can influence behaviour
• Freud’s theories have been useful in creating policies like psychoanalytical therapy

Question 7

Weaknesses of psychodynamic theories

Answer 7

• Freud’s concepts are abstract and it is difficult to measure the unconcious mind scientifically
• His theories are based on small scale observational studies and may not be generalisable
• Psychoanalytical therapy relies on therapist interpretations which makes findings subjective

Question 8

Summarise Eysenck’s theory of personality

Answer 8

• 3 personality types: extrovert/introvert, neurotic/stable, psychotic
• Extroverts more likely to offend due to being thrill seeking
• Psychotic people more likely to offend due to lacking empathy and being more prone to mental illness

Question 9

Strengths of Eysenck’s personality theory

Answer 9

• Made personality quantifiable
• His personality types are tested using a standardised test
• Useful to help understand why some people are at more risk of offending

Question 10

Weaknesses of Eysenck’s personality theory

Answer 10

• Deterministic
• ## People can have a mixture of personalities