AC4.1 - Individualistic theories informing policy development

Question 1

What is psychoanlysis therapy and what theory is it based on?

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis therapy is a kind of therapy where people bring unconscious thought and feelings into their conscious mind so they can address them properly. It is based on Freud’s psychodynamic theories

Question 2

Strengths of psychoanalysis therapy

Answer 2

• Could help offenders deal with trauma, helping them to change their behaviour

Question 3

Weaknesses of psychoanalysis therapy

Answer 3

• Power imbalance between therapist and patient
• Considered outdated, CBT favoured now
• Could be harmful if it brings traumatic memories to the surface
• Expensive, time consuming, slow results

Question 4

What is behaviour modification and what theory is it based on?

Answer 4

A system used in prison to control behaviour. Desirable behaviour is rewarded with tokens like a cigarette or a phone call, undesirable behaviour is punished by taking away privileges. Sometime referred to as ‘token economics’. Based on operant conditioning and social learning theory.

Question 5

Strengths of token economics

Answer 5

• Helps manage antisocial behaviour in prisons, young offenders and psychiatric hospitals
• Inexpensive
• Encourages people to manage their own behaviour

Question 6

Weaknesses of token economics

Answer 6

• Doesn’t reflect real life so prisons may struggle to adjust upon release
• Patronising, treats prisoners like children