Accentuation and Contraction Rules Flashcards
What are the short vowels? What are the long vowels?
ε, ο; final-αι, -οι; ᾰ, ῐ, ῠ
ει, η, ου, ω; ᾱ, ῑ, ῡ
What is a proclitic? What are they [10]?
They come before the word (and “lean forwards” onto it), and don’t affect accentuation
οὐ (ὀύ when isolated or before punctuation); ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ (when forms of the def. article) ; ἐν, εἰς, ἐκ/ἐξ; εἰ, ὡς
What happens if a word followed by an enclitic has accent on U?
It keeps its accent ( ῀ or ´) and isn’t changed to `
Rules of contonation and mora don’t apply if the enclitic is disyllabic
What happens if a word followed by an enclitic has acute accent on P?
The preceding word is unchanged
If the enclitic is monosyllabic, also unchanged
If the enclitic is disyllabic, the enclitic receives an acute/grave (isolated/connected) on its second syllable (apart from τινῶν which by convention has ῀ )
What happens if a word followed by an enclitic has circumflex on P or acute on A?
The word receives an extra accent on U
The enclitic is unchanged
When and how are proclitics accented?
With acute, before an enclitic (enclitic is unchanged)
How does accentuation of all finite verbs work?
It is recessive, i.e. the accent falls as far back from U as possible
How are present active infinitives of -ω verbs accented?
Acute on the final syllable of the stem
In paradigms, how are enclitics signified?
Acute on U
How are α-declension nouns in the gen. pl accented?
Circumflex on -ῶν, no matter where the accent usually falls
How are ο- and α-declension nouns with acute on U accented?
For any gen. or dat., circumflex on U
When does ἐστι become ἔστι?
When used emphatically = there is, there exists
When the preceding word is οὐκ, εἰ, ὡς; καὶ, ἀλλὰ, or τοῦτ᾽
In the phrase ἔστιν ὅτε = sometimes
When it’s used in the same sense as ἔξεστι +inf (=it is possible)
ε + ε
ει
ε + ει
ει
ε + ο
ου (sp)
