Accommodation

Question 1

A dynamic change in the power of the eye
And a change in the focus from distance to near
—is describing what?

Answer 1

accomodation

Question 2

In accomodation the optical power of the lens(increase/decreases)

Answer 2

increases

Question 3

accomodation is measured in ____ a measure of the ____ of light

Answer 3

Diopters

vergence

Question 4

Accomodation is mediated through:
(contraction/relaxation) of the ciliary muscle
release of zonular (tension/relaxation) of the equator
(rounding/flattening) up of the lens (force exerted by capsule)

Answer 4

contraction
tension

rounding

Question 5

The increased opitcal poewr of accomodation is achieved through (increase/decrease) anterior and posterior lens sruface curvatures and (increased/decrease) thickness of the lens

Answer 5

increased

increased

Question 6

T/F in accommodation the lens decreases in size

Answer 6

T

Question 7

In a unaccommodated eye the image of the distant object is (not in /in) focus retina

Answer 7

in

Question 8

In a unaccommodating eye the image of near object is (in/out) of focus on retina

Answer 8

out

Question 9

In a accommodated eye image of near object (in/out) focus on retina

Answer 9

in

Question 10

Myopes can focus clearly on objects (closer/farther) than optical infinity without accommodation

Answer 10

closer

Question 11

Hyperopes can focus clearly on objects at optical infinity only through an accommodative (increase/decrease)or with (positively/negatively) powered lenses

Answer 11

increase

positively

Question 12

Because the cornea is made up of largely fluid and proteins it has a (higher/lower) refractive index then air which is 1.00

Answer 12

higher

Question 13

What is the refractive index f the cornea?

Answer 13

1.376

Question 14

The optical power of the cornea is attributable to a combination of the (positive/negative) radius of curvature and the (higher/lower) refractive index than the surrounding air.

Answer 14

positive

higher

Question 15

T/F
The refractive index of aqueous humor and cornea is very different therefore the posterior cornea and aquieous interface is relatively large.

Answer 15

F
The refractive index of aqueous humor and cornea is very SIMILAR therefore the posterior cornea and aquieous interface is relatively SMALL

Question 16

T/F The vitreous humor and aqueous humor have different refractive index

Answer 16

F. both have 1.336

Question 17

T/F the surfaces of the lens has a different refractive index then the center of the lens

Answer 17

T. surface is 1.386

center 1.406

Question 18

The optical power of the cornea comes from the change in____ ____ and the (positive/negative) radius of curvature

Additionallly, the (center/anterior/posteror/lateral) surfaces of the lens also add the optical power of the eye.–pick two

Answer 18

refractive index

positive

anterior , posterior

Question 19

It was found that in the past it was thought that the (posterior/anterior) lens surface did not move with accomoation and the posterior lens surface curvature did not chage
—However—-
It stands corrected that the (posterior/anterior) lens surface increases in curvature and moves (upward/backward) with accommodation

Answer 19

posterior

posterior

backward

Question 20

The range over which a target can be moved toward or away from the eye wihtout a perceptible change in the blur or focus of the image describes what —(depth of field/depth of focus)

Answer 20

depth of field

Question 21

The focusing error that can be tolerated without an appreciable decrease in acuity or change in blur or focus of the image on the retina–which one does this describe
(depth of field/depth of focus)

Answer 21

depth of focus

Question 22

T/F For any given accommodative state, there is a range of distances over which an object is perceived to be in focus.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Depth of focus is dependent on __(sclera/cornea/pupil)___ size

Answer 23

pupil

Question 24

Large/Small pupil = Larger depth of focus

Answer 24

Small

Question 25

Large/Small pupil = Small depth of focus

Answer 25

Larger

Question 26

With accomodation the pupil size (increases/decreases) , increases the depth of focus

Answer 26

decreases

Question 27

T/F Nothing happens to the pupil size as you age with accomodation

Answer 27

F. as you age pupil size decreases

Question 28

Senile miosis --(increases/decreases) pupil size

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

In senile miosis , (increased/decreased) need for add in presbyopic correction which (increases/decreases) depth of focus

Answer 29

decrease increases

Question 30

Why would senile miosis help pt. who are aging? (what activity would it help with)

Answer 30

reading

Question 31

In accomodation at rest, the eye is focused for (near/distance) and the zonules apply an (inward/outward) tension on the lens

Answer 31

distance outward

Question 32

The lens is held in a relatively flattened and (accomodatied/unaccomodated) state

Answer 32

unaccomodated

Question 33

At rest, the eyes have some residual or resting level of accommodation amounting to approximately __ diopters. This is called ____ accommodation. A) 2.5 B)1.5 C)3.5 D)4.5

Answer 33

1.5 tonic

Question 34

Pupil (constrict/dilate) eyes (converge/diverge) Eyes (accomodate/unaccomodate) --this describes the accomodative _____

Answer 34

constrict converge accomodate triad

Question 35

Accommodative stimulus presented monocularly results in a (monocular/binocular) accommodation and convergence response. Similarly, a convergence stimulus in one eye resutls in pupil (dilation/constriction), convergence , accomodation in both eyes

Answer 35

binocular constriction

Question 36

What is another name for the accommodative triade?

Answer 36

near reflex

Question 37

Inducing accommodation is done with a _(-/+)__ lens in front of an eye, the eyes accommodates to overcome the defocus

Answer 37

(-)

Question 38

If the vergence of the eyes is increased, for instance by placing (base-out/base-in) prisms in front of the eyes, pupil (constriction/dilates), convergence, and accommodation occur.

Answer 38

base-out constriction

Question 39

accomodation is ___driven

Answer 39

blur

Question 40

Topical application of muscarinic cholinergic agonist (pilocarpine) to the eye results in stimulation of the (ciliary muscle/iris/cornea)

Answer 40

ciliary muscle

Question 41

Pupil constriction occurs with pharmacologic stimulation, but (convergence/divergence) does not.

Answer 41

Convergence

Question 42

T/F accommodation can also be induced through pharmacologic stimulation

Answer 42

T

Question 43

Accommodative __(exotropia/esotropia)___ often occurs in uncorrected hyperopes as a consequence of needing to accommodate to even see distant objects in focus

Answer 43

esotropia

Question 44

T/F accommodative esotripa only occurs in uncorrected myopes as a consequence of needing to focus a distant object

Answer 44

F. hyperopes

Question 45

Atropin, cylopentolate, troicamide-- all three of these__(activate/block)____ accomodation

Answer 45

block

Question 46

Atropin cyclopentolate and tropicamide block accommodation by acting like (agonist/antagonist) to the muscarinic receptors, they (do not/do) activate receptor

Answer 46

agonists do not

Question 47

blocking accomodation is called?

Answer 47

cycloplegia

Question 48

Using a minus lens in front of the eyes or eye can (maximize/minimize) the letter size

Answer 48

minimize

Question 49

T/F you can measure accomodativeamplitude by putting plus lenses on a patients eye

Answer 49

F. MINUS LENSES

Question 50

T/F Accurate objective measurement requires static or dynamic refractometers

Answer 50

T

Question 51

The age related loss in accomodative abiliy, results in nearly complete loss in accommodative ability by about __yrs of age A) 60 B)50 C)35 D)45

Answer 51

50

Question 52

Per decade there is a ____D linear decline in objective measurement of accommodation A) 2.3 B)1.3 C)3.3 D)4.5

Answer 52

2.3

Question 53

2/3 of accommodative amplitude is lost between ages __to__ A) 10-20 B)15-25 C)15-35 D)10-35

Answer 53

15-35

Question 54

``` Which age group is of most interest in understanding the progression to presbyopia ? A) 10-20 B)15-25 C)15-35 D)10-35 Why is this age group of most interest? ```

Answer 54

15-35, becasue they lose 2/3 of accomodative amplitude

Question 55

Corneal refractive surger cataract surgery accomodative IOLs --these are all surgical options for persons with ____(hyperopia/myopia/presbyopia)___

Answer 55

presbyopia

Question 56

Controversial surgical interventions claim to actually restore ___(the cornea/accomodation_____

Answer 56

accomodation

Question 57

T/F future surgical prospect may include a deformable polymer

Answer 57

T

Question 58

What is an example of a controversial surgical intervention that claims to restore natural accommodation?

Answer 58

scleral expansion surgery