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Chemistry > Ace Unit 4-5 > Flashcards

Ace Unit 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are different types of atoms?

A

Elements

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2
Q

What is the chart on which elements are organized and listed?

A

Periodic Table

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3
Q

What is the number of protons an atom contains?

A

Atomic Number

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4
Q

What are a one or two letters asigned to an element for representation?

A

Chemical Symbol

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5
Q

What is the average mass of a typical atom of that element?

A

Atomic Mass

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6
Q

What is a row of elements across the periodic table?

A

Period

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7
Q

What is a column of of elements in the periodic table?

A

Group or Family

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8
Q

What ocurrs when the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons?

A

Neutral Element

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9
Q

What are atoms of the same element?

A

Isotopes

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10
Q

What is the sum of the number of protons and nuetrons?

A

Mass Number

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11
Q

What is an atom called if it is charged?

A

ion

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12
Q

What is an ion called if it is negativley charged?

A

Anion

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13
Q

What is an ion called if it is positivley charged?

A

Cation

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14
Q

What law states:

Phisical and chemical properties of the elements recur in a systematic and predictable way when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

A

Periodic Law

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15
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Solid at room temperature

except mercury

A

Metal

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16
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

It is ductile

(can be pulled into thin wire)

A

Metal

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17
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

High luster

A

Metal

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18
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Good conductors of electricity and heat

A

Metal

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19
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Can be hammered into thin sheets

Malleable

A

Metal

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20
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Prone to lose electrons

A

Metal

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21
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Brittle

A

Nonmetal

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22
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Dull or not shiny

A

Nonmetal

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23
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Poor conductors of electricity and heat

A

Nonmetal

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24
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Solid, liquid, or gaseous at room temperature

A

Nonmetal

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25
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Able to gain or share electrons easily

A

Nonmetal

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26
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Solid at room temperature

A

Metaloids

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27
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Either dull or shiny

A

Metaloids

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28
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

A mix of good and poor conductors of electricity and heat

A

Metaloids

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29
Q

Metal or Nonmetal or Metaloids

Phisical properties that tend to be metallic and chemical propertys that tend to be nonmetllic?

A

Metaloids

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30
Q

What is an electron located in the outermost shell?

A

Valence Electron

31
Q

What is typically eight electrons in the outer shell?

A

Full Octet

32
Q

What is the net positive charge felt by an electron in an atom with multiple electrons?

A

Effective Nuclear Charge

33
Q

What is the balance between the positive attraction of protons on valence electrons and the repulsion forces from inner electrons?

A

Sheilding Effect

34
Q

What is a measure of the size of the atoms?

A

Atomic Radius

35
Q

What is the measure of the distance between the center of the nuclei of two ions that barely touch?

A

Ionic Radius

36
Q

What is the energy required to romove one or more electrons from a neutral atom in the gas phase?

A

Ionization

37
Q

What is the conection between two atoms?

A

Chemical Bonds

38
Q

What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?

A

Electronegativity

39
Q

What mesures how likely an atom will react or bond with another atom?

A

Reactivity

40
Q

What is the curved path that an object takes around another object?

A

Orbit

41
Q

What is the science that explains the interactions of atoms and subatomic particles?

A

Quantum Mechanics

42
Q

What are the three main types of bonds?

A

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

43
Q

What occurs when two atoms are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction?

A

Ionic bonds

44
Q

What is when two oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other?

A

Electrostatic Attraction

45
Q

What is the energy given off by an atom when it gains electrons?

A

Electron Affinity

46
Q

What is formed from a single ion?

A

Simple Ion

47
Q

What is formed when two or more atoms join together?

A

Polyatomic Ion

48
Q

What is a three-dimensional struture that is created when salt compound forms?

A

Crystal Lattice

49
Q

What occurs when water cuases the ionic compound to break up into ions?

A

Dissociation

50
Q

What occurs when two atoms share four electrons?

A

Double Bond

51
Q

What occurs when two atoms share six electrons?

A

Triple Bond

52
Q

What is the 3-D arrangement of aroms within a molecule?

A

Molecular Geometry

53
Q

What allows scientists to predict the 3-D shape of a moleccule that is centered arond a central atom?

A

VSEPR

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulson Theroy

54
Q

What is a physical property of a compound regarding the sharing of electrons?

A

Polarity

55
Q

Atoms using what equally share the electrons between them?

due to similar electronegativity values of the atoms in the molecule

A

Nonpolar Bonds

56
Q

What have unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Due to different electronegativity values of the atoms in molecules

A

Polar Bonds

all ionic bonds are polar bonds

57
Q

What is the small difference in charge?

A

Dipole

58
Q

What is the vertical bar at the left end of the arrow shows the element that is donating the electrons?

The arrow shws the direction in which the electrons are moving

A

Dipole Movment

59
Q

Name the nonpolar molecules.

A
  • All noble gases
  • All diatomic molecules
  • CO2
  • Most carbon compounds
60
Q
A
61
Q

What means electrons are free to move around?

A

Delocalized

62
Q

What is abody of delocalized, or free-floating, electrons that surrond cations?

A

Electron Sea

63
Q

What type of bond cosists of a shared pair of electrons?

A

Covalent

64
Q

What type of bond cosists of an electron sea?

A

Metalic

65
Q

What type of bond cosists of the transfer of electrons in the valence shell?

A

Ionic

66
Q

What type of bond occurs between two nonmetals?

A

Covalent

67
Q

What type of bond occurs between two metals?

A

Metallic

68
Q

What type of bond occurs between an nonmetal and an metal?

A

Ionic

69
Q

What holds the molecule or compound together?

These are covalent, ionic, and metalic bonds which determine the chemical properties of the substance.

A

Intramolecular Forces

70
Q

What are the forces btween molecules that influence their physical properties?

A

Intermolecular Forces

71
Q

What are extremely weak attractive forces that are created by the movment of electrons, which atract to the positive nucleus of an atom?

A

London Dispersion Forces

72
Q

What are the attraction forces that occur between two polar molecules?

A

Dipole Forces

73
Q

What are the stongest of the Van der Waals forces?

A

Hydrogen Bond

Chemistry (14 decks)

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