Acid and Balance

Question 1

Definition of Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 1

logarithmic of ionization constant equation of a weak acid

Question 2

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 2

pH = pKA + log (acid/base)

Question 3

Whats pH proportional to?

Answer 3

Log(kidney/lungs) or metabolic/respiratory

Question 4

Whats the anticoagulant used for collection

Answer 4

heparin

Question 5

Whats the method used for collection

Answer 5

anaerobic collection

Question 6

What happen when blood is exposed to air?

Answer 6

CO2 and pCO2 decreases

pH & pO2 increases

Question 7

During a blood gases sample collection, what should you do an why?

Answer 7

kept sample in cracked ice to prevent glycolysis which leads to
CO2 and pCO2 increased
pH & pO2 decreased

Question 8

When do we see metabolic acidosis?

Answer 8

during bicarbonate deficiency or compensatory mechanism

Question 9

What causes bicarbonate deficiency (Metabolic Acidosis)

Answer 9

Diabetic keto acidosis 
Renal diseases (due to decreased reabsorption of HCO3)
Diarrhea

Question 10

What causes bicarbonate compensatory mechanisms (Metabolic Acidosis)

Answer 10

A. Hyperventilation or decreases pCO2

B. Increases excretion of H or reabsorption of HCO3

Question 11

Whats the lab finding of metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 11

decreased pH, HCO3, CO2 & pCO2

increased pH, HCO3, CO2 & pCO2

Question 12

What causes excess of HCO3 (Metabolic alkalosis)

Answer 12

Citrate (in blood transfusion)
Vomiting
K depletion 
Diuretic Therapy
Cushings syndrome

Question 13

What causes excess HCO3 due to compensation mechanism (Metabolic alkalosis)

Answer 13

Hypoventilation

Question 14

When is respiratory acidosis seen?

Answer 14

pneumonia

breathing with a paper bag

Question 15

when is the compensatory mechanism of respiratory acidosis seen

Answer 15

increases HCO3 reabsorption and excess H excretion

Question 16

Whats the lab finding of respiratory acidosis?

respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 16

decreased pH and increased HCO3, CO2 and pCO2

increased pH and HCO3, decreased pCO2 and CO2

Question 17

when do you see respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 17

hyperventilation and decrease H excretion

Question 18

Normal range for:
pCO2
HCO3
pO2

Answer 18

35 - 45
22 - 26
85 - 105

Question 19

Compensatory mechanism 
Res. Acidosis
Res. Alkalosis
Met. Acidosis 
Met. Alkalosis

Answer 19

increase HCO3
decreases HCO3
decrease pCO2
increases pCO2