Proteins

Question 1

Protein Electrophoresis

Answer 1

migration due to charge at pH 8.6 with major bands: Albumin, Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta and Gamma.
Concentration determine by Densitometry

Question 2

Support media for protein electrophoresis

Answer 2

Cellulose acetate
Agarose Gel
Starch Gel

Question 3

Stains used on protein electrophoresis

Answer 3

Amido Black
Ponceau
Brilliant Blue

Question 4

what does ER system produces?

Answer 4

network of cells and tissues that produces gamma proteins (antibodies)

Question 5

Renal threshold

Answer 5

concentration of a substance dissolved in blood

Question 6

Aminoacidurias

Answer 6

level of amino above renal threshold due to metabolic disorder

Question 7

PKU

Answer 7

disorder cause by increase phenyl compound in urine and blood

Question 8

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Answer 8

inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process certain protein building blocks

Question 9

Cystinuria

Answer 9

renal normal plasma but decrease renal threshold

Question 10

Amino Acids Screening Test

Answer 10

Thin Layer Chromatography

Urine color test

Question 11

Amino Acids Quantitative Test

Answer 11

Ion Exchange Chromatography
HPLC
GCMS

Question 12

HOMOCYSTEINE
What is it?
What are high levels associated with?

Answer 12

common amino acid in your blood.
High levels associated with increase risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke and Alzheimers
High levels if deficiencies in B6, 12 and folic acid

Question 13

What does protein breakdown produces?

Answer 13

Urea and Ammonia

Question 14

Serum Total Protein Methods (2)

Answer 14

1. Kjeldahl: reference method that measures Nitrogen content

2. Biuret: most frequently use, depends on presence of more than 2 peptide bonds

Question 15

Urine and CSF Total Protein Methods (2)

Answer 15

1. Dye

2. Turbidimetric

Question 16

Specific Serum Proteins Method

Answer 16

1. Dye binding for Albumin

2. Immunochemical methods

Question 17

PLASMA PROTEIN
What are they?
Where are the produces?

Answer 17

Albumin and globulins
Liver: Albumin, Alpha 1 and 2 and beta globulins
RE: gamma globulins

Question 18

ALBUMIN
What is it?
What does it do?
What causes it to decreases?

Answer 18

Is the largest plasma protein fraction
It regulates osmotic pressure and transport proteins
Decreased by liver impairment, edema, malnutrition or absorption, nephrotic syndrome

Question 19

ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN (AAT)
When does it increases?
When does it decreases?

Answer 19

It increases in acute phase and pregnancy

It decreases with emphysema (lung condition that causes shortness of breath) in neonates

Question 20

ALPHA FETO PROTEIN
When does it increases?
When does it decreases?

Answer 20

Increases in amniotic fluid or neural tube defects
Liver cancer marker
Decreases in Down syndrome

Question 21

ALPHA 2 GLOBULIN

What are the two proteins that contribute to this fraction

Answer 21

Haptoglobin

Ceruloplasmin

Question 22

HAPTOGLOBIN
What does it do?
when does it increases?
When does it decreases?

Answer 22

Binds free hgb
Increases in acute phase
Decreases in transfusion reactions, hemolysis and liver diseases

Question 23

Ceruplasmin
What does it do?
when does it increases?
When does it decreases?

Answer 23

Transport Cooper
Increases in acute phase and pregnancy
Decreases in Wilson diseases

Question 24

Beta globulin
What does it do?
when does it increases?
When does it decreases?

Answer 24

Carrier proteins for transferring and lipoproteins