Acid Base Balance Flashcards
1
Q
Arterial Blood pH
A
7.35-7.45
2
Q
Alkalosis
A
> 7.45
3
Q
Acidosis
A
<7.35
4
Q
PaCO2
A
Respiratory
35-45
5
Q
HCO3
A
Metabolic
22-28
6
Q
Respiratory Acidosis
A
pH: <7.35
PaCO2: >45 mmHg
Causes: slow, shallow resp.
resp congestion/ obstruction
Signs/Symptoms: increasingly difficult breathing dyspnea weakness dizziness sleepiness change in alterness
Treatment: establish & maintain airway O2 deep breathing exercises bronchodilators antibiotics
7
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis
A
pH: >7.45
PaCO2: <35 mmHg
Causes: hyperventilation
- anxiety
- high fever
- overdose of ASA
Signs/ Symptoms: deep, rapid breathing tingling of fingers pallor around mouth dizziness muscle spasms of hands
Treatment: breathing thought re-breather or paper bag
8
Q
Metabolic Acidosis
A
pH <7.35
HCO3 <21 mEq/L
Causes: shock, poor circulation
diabetic ketoacidosis
renal failure
diarrhea
Signs/ Symptoms: weakness lethargy confusion headache stupor/unconsciousness coma or death
Treatment: identify & treat underlying cause
insulin (get a FS)
dialysis
IV Bicard & Lactate
9
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis
A
pH >7.45
HCO3 >28 mEq/L
Causes: vomiting
excessive antacid intake
hypokalemia
Signs/Symptoms: irritability disorientation lethargy muscle twitching numbness & tingling
Treatment: IVF’s
electrolyte replacement
10
Q
Uncompensated
A
CO2 or HCO3 normal
11
Q
Partially Compensated
A
Nothing is normal
12
Q
Compensated
A
pH is normal
