Acid-Base Chemistry

Question 1

Base + Ammonium Salt–>??

Answer 1

Base + Ammonium Salt–> Salt + Water + Ammonia (gas)

Question 2

Factors that effect buffering capacity

Answer 2

• The relative concentrations of the weak X and its conjugate Y-highest buffering when equal
• The actual concentration of the weak X and its conjugate Y- buffering capacity increase with increasing concentration

Question 3

Acid + Sulphide–>??

Answer 3

Acid + Sulphide–> Salt + Hydrogen Sulphide (gas)

Question 4

HCO3(-)

Answer 4

Basic

Question 5

What is an base

Answer 5

A base is a substance that accepts one or more protons

Question 6

Colour change of methyl orange

Answer 6

red: ph<3.1
yellow: ph>4.4

Question 7

The Strong Acids

Answer 7

• Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
• Nitric acid (HNO3)
• Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
• Hydroiodic acid (HI)
• Perchloric acid (HClO4)

Question 8

H2PO4(-)?

Answer 8

Acid

Question 9

HPO4(2-)

Answer 9

Basic

Question 10

Acid + Sulphite–>??

Answer 10

Acid + Sulphite–> Salt + Water + Sulphur Dioxide(gas)

Question 11

SO4(2-)

Answer 11

Basic

Question 12

Requirements for Primary standard

Answer 12

• Able to be obtained in a very pure form
• Needs to be sufficiently stable
• Has a relatively high molar mass
• High water solubility

Question 13

CO3(2-)

Answer 13

Basic

Question 14

Colour change of phenolphthalein

Answer 14

colourless: ph<8.3
pink: ph>10

Question 15

HSO4(-)

Answer 15

Acid

Question 16

What is the equivalence point?

Answer 16

The equivalence point is when the two reactants are in perfect stoichiometric values

Question 17

Why is water special?

Answer 17

Water is an amphiprotic substance meaning it acts as both an acid and a base

Question 18

Properties of an Indicator

Answer 18

• weak acid or weak base

* changes colour at different pH

Question 19

Define Buffer

Answer 19

• Solutions that have the ability to resist pH change when either acids or bases are added to them
• They generally contain a weak acid and its conjugate base or its weak base and its conjugate acid

Question 20

What is an acid

Answer 20

An acid is a substance that donates one ore more protons or hydrogen ions

Question 21

Buffering capacity

Answer 21

A measure of the amount of acid/base the buffer can neutralise before the pH begins to change appreciably

Question 22

What indicator to use if acidic/basic salt?

Answer 22

• Methyl Orange: Acidic salt

* Phenolphthalein: Basic salt

Question 23

What is the end point?

Answer 23

The end point is when the indicator changes colour

Question 24

What is special about group 13 and transition metals?

Answer 24

They act as acids, forming H30(+) in water

Question 25

PO4(3-)

Answer 25

Basic

Question 26

Define electrolytes

Answer 26

Electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water and form ions