How do you find the pH of a strong acid?
pH = -log10[H+]
How do you find the pH of a weak acid?
Ka = [H+] [A-] / [HA]
Define a strong acid
Fully dissociates in aqueous solution
Define a weak acid
Partially dissociates in aqueous solution
What is the equation for pKa?
pKa = -log10 Ka
What is the equation for pKw?
pKw = -log10 Kw
Which indicator has a pH range of 5-8?
Litmus
Which indicator has a pH range of 3.1 - 4.4?
Methyl orange
Which indicator has a pH range of 8.3 - 10?
Phenolphthalein
What is a buffer solution?
A solution which resists changes in pH when a small amount of an acid or an alkali are added
How do you make an acidic buffer solution?
Weak acid + it’s salt. Eg. Ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate
How do you make an alkaline buffer solution?
Weak base + it’s salt. Eg. Ammonia solution and ammonium chloride
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
pH = pKa + log10 ([A-] / [HA])
What is an amphoteric substance?
Substance that can behave as both an acid and a base
What is the definition of an acid?
Compound which can act as a proton donor
What is the definition of a base?
Compound which can act as a proton acceptor
What is an alkali?
A soluble base that produces OH- ions when added to water
