Transition Metals

Question 1

Define transition metal

Answer 1

D-block element that forms 1+ stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals

Question 2

Why is scandium not a transition metal?

Answer 2

Scandium’s only stable ion is Sc3+ which has a completely empty d-orbital (not incomplete)

Question 3

Why is zinc not a transition metal

Answer 3

Zinc’s only stable ion is Zn2+ which has completely full d-orbitals (not incomplete)

Question 4

What is a ligand?

Answer 4

An electron pair donor that forms dative covalent bonds to metal ions

Question 5

What is a complex ion?

Answer 5

An ion surrounded by ligands

Question 6

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 6

Purple

Question 7

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

Answer 7

Green

Question 8

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 4+?

Answer 8

Blue

Question 9

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 5+?

Answer 9

Yellow

Question 10

What colour is titanium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

Answer 10

Purple

Question 11

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 11

Blue

Question 12

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

Answer 12

Green

Question 13

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 6+?

Answer 13

Orange

Question 14

What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 14

Pale pink

Question 15

What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 7+?

Answer 15

(Brighter) pink

Question 16

What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 16

Pale green

Question 17

What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

Answer 17

Yellow

Question 18

What colour is cobalt when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 18

Pink

Question 19

What colour is nickel when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 19

Pale blue/green

Question 20

What colour is copper when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

Answer 20

Blue

Question 21

Define coordination number

Answer 21

How many dative covalent bonds are present

Question 22

Define stereoisomers

Answer 22

Same structural formula, different spatial arrangement

Question 23

What is cisplatin commonly used for?

Answer 23

Cancer treatment

Question 24

What shape is cisplatin?

Answer 24

Square planar (4 dative covalent bonds)

Question 25

What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 6?

Answer 25

Octahedral, bond angle 90 degrees

Question 26

What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 2?

Answer 26

Linear, bond angle 180 degrees

Question 27

What shapes could a complex ion be with a coordination number of 4?

Answer 27

Tetrahedral, bond angle 109.5 degrees, or square planar, bond angle 90 degrees.

Question 28

How many dative covalent bonds can edta4- form?

Answer 28

6 (hexadentate ligand)

Question 29

How many dative covalent bonds can en form?

Answer 29

2 (bidentate ligand)

Question 30

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 30

Excellent catalysts, variable oxidation states, form coloured compounds and can form complexes.

Question 31

Define a catalyst

Answer 31

Substance which uses an alternate reaction pathway with a lower Ea and is not used up in a reaction.

Question 32

Define heterogeneous catalyst

Answer 32

Reactants are in a different physical state to products

Question 33

Define homogeneous catalyst

Answer 33

Reactants and products are in the same physical state

Question 34

Describe the steps of heterogeneous catalysis

Answer 34

1. Adsorption of reactants onto surface of catalyst 2. Bonds in reactants are weakened, lowering the Ea 3. Reaction occurs and bonds are formed 4. Products desorb form catalyst’s surface