Acid-Base Imbalances ✅

Question 1

Respiratory disorders will identify by looking at what?

Answer 1

PaCO2

Question 2

Metabolic disorders will identify by looking at the

Answer 2

HCO3

Question 3

in respiratory acidosis, what is retained?

Answer 3

CO2

Question 4

in respiratory acidosis, what causes a drop in pH?

Answer 4

Excessive carbonic acid

Question 5

in resp acidosis, the increase in CO2 and H+ ions causes the cerebral blood vessels to _______

what does this lead to?

Answer 5

dilate

leads to cerebral edema & depressed CNS activity

Question 6

in resp acidosis, the high PCO2 causes the kidneys to do what?

Answer 6

causes the kidneys to begin to hold onto HCO3

Question 7

hypoventilation & hypercapnia are associated with what imbalance?

Answer 7

respiratory acidosis

Question 8

how does hypocapnia impact HR?

Answer 8

Stimulates carotid/ aortic bodies & leads to increased HR

Question 9

hyperventilation and hypocapnia are associated with what imbalance?

Answer 9

respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

what causes anxiety, diaphoresis, irritability and tingling in fingers & toes and around the mouth?

Answer 10

hypocapnia (resp alkalosis)

Question 11

early sepsis cause what imbalance?

Answer 11

respiratory alkalosis

Question 12

TPN can cause what imbalance?

Answer 12

metabolic acidosis (bc hyperalimentation)

Question 13

acute pulmonary edema causes what imbalance?

Answer 13

respiratory acidosis

Question 14

Salicylate (ASA) intoxication can cause which imbalance?

Answer 14

metabolic acidosis

Question 15

Anxiety causes what imbalance?

Answer 15

respiratory alkalosis

Question 16

CNS depression causes what imbalance?

Answer 16

respiratory acidosis

Question 17

Ketoacidosis causes which imbalance?

Answer 17

metabolic acidosis

Question 18

Hypermetabolic states, such as fever, causes what imbalance?

Answer 18

respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

starvation or disordered eating can cause what imbalance?

Answer 19

metabolic acidosis

Question 20

hyperventilation (hypocapnia) causes over excitation of what?

Answer 20

medulla and pons

Question 21

chronic respiratory diseases like COPD cause what imbalance?

Answer 21

respiratory acidosis

Question 22

In metabolic acidosis, what happens to potassium?

what does this cause? (4)

Answer 22

potassium will increase by 0.5 for 0.1 drop in pH

Cardiac arrhythmias are common
Hypotension
Insulin will not work as well
Decreased ATP

Question 23

Hypoxemia causes what imbalance?

Answer 23

respiratory alkalosis

Question 24

diarrhea can cause what imbalance? why?

Answer 24

metabolic acidosis bc loss of HCO3

Question 25

renal failure causes which imbalance? why?

Answer 25

metabolic acidosis bc unable to regulate HCO3-

Question 26

Anaerobic metabolism causes which imbalance?

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis

Question 27

disorders of respiratory muscles & chest wall cause what imbalance? why?

Answer 27

respiratory acidosis bc inadequate mechanical ventilation

Question 28

severe pulmonary infections such as pneumonia or COVID cause what imbalance?

Answer 28

respiratory acidosis

Question 29

fistulas can cause what imbalance? why?

Answer 29

metabolic acidosis bc not able to make HCO3

Question 30

liver failure causes what imbalances? (2)

Answer 30

respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis (not able to make HCO3)

Question 31

barrel chest on PE is a sign of what imbalance?

Answer 31

respiratory acidosis

Question 32

respiratory distress on PE is a sign of what imbalance?

Answer 32

respiratory acidosis

Question 33

accessory muscle use on PE is a sign of what imbalance?

Answer 33

respiratory acidosis

Question 34

changed in LOC on PE is a sign of what imbalance?

Answer 34

respiratory acidosis

Question 35

hyperresonance on percussion during PE is a sign of what imbalance?

Answer 35

respiratory acidosis

Question 36

what lung sounds might be heard in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 36

wheezing, crackles, or rhonchi

Question 37

Why would pulmonary edema cause hypoventilation?

Answer 37

if hearts are not working & the blood starts backing up into the atrium & into the lungs. The alveoli fill up with fluid & the CO2 is going to climb while the pH decreases

Question 38

list tx options for respiratory acidosis (7)

Answer 38

1) May need bronchodilators 2) Oxygen 3) Steroids 4) Antibiotics 5) Diuretics 6) Naloxone (narcan) → given during a drug OD 7) Mechanical ventilation

Question 39

when hypocapnia occurs, there is a reduction in _______ ____, a loss of _______ ions and increased ______ ions what does this lead to?

Answer 39

reduction in carbonic acid loss of hydrogen ions increased bicarb ions leads to increased pH

Question 40

metabolic acidosis causes by anaerobic metabolism can cause what? (3)

Answer 40

cardiac arrest severe hypoxemia ischemia

Question 41

list tx for metabolic acidosis (5)

Answer 41

Tx the cause: - Fix the hypoxemia - Restore the fluid balance - Stop ketosis - Manage chronic disease - Treat the infection/ manage the sepsis