Intro to Acid Base ✅

Question 1

what one donates H+?
what one accepts or binds H+?

Answer 1

acid donates H+ to a base

base accepts or binds H+

Question 2

List whether each is an acid or a base:
1) Ammonia
2) HCL
3) HCO3
4) Nitric ____
5) Acetic ___

Answer 2

1) Ammonia base
2) HCL acid
3) HCO3 base
4) Nitric acid
5) Acetic acid

Question 3

Low concentration H+ ions = ?

High concentration H+ ions = ?

Answer 3

Low concentration H+ ions = increase pH
High concentration H+ ions = decrease pH

Question 4

pick where acidic/basic go:
the lower the pH, the more ______, and the higher the pH, the more ______

Answer 4

the lower the pH the more acidic and the higher the pH, the more basic

Question 5

water is _____

Answer 5

neutral

Question 6

pH of water?

Answer 6

7.4

Question 7

pH of blood?

Answer 7

7.35 - 7.45

Question 8

Laundry detergents are very ________ and ingestion will destroy tissues

Answer 8

alkaline

Question 9

uncontrolled asthma can affect what?

Answer 9

pH levels & make it more dangerous

Question 10

when does acidosis occur?

Answer 10

when hydrogen ions increase above normal

Question 11

when does alkalosis occur?

Answer 11

when hydrogen ions fall below normal

Question 12

list the pH differences between acidosis & alkalosis

Answer 12

pH of 7.35 (or less) → Acidosis

pH of 7.45 (or greater) → Alkalosis

Question 13

tissue cells & vital organs of the body are extremely sensitive to what?

Answer 13

even the smallest change in the pH and acid-base balance

Question 14

Buffers are a mechanism to maintain acid-base that work against what?

Answer 14

Buffers work against sudden & large changes in the pH of body fluids

Question 15

what do buffers do when the pH increases?

Answer 15

Release hydrogen ions (acting as acids)

Question 16

what do buffers do when the pH decreases?

Answer 16

Bind hydrogen ions (acting as bases)

Question 17

when buffers act as acids, this is when we are _________.

when they act as bases, this is when we are ________

Answer 17

when buffers act as acids, this is when we are alkalotic

when they act as bases, this is when we are acidic

Question 18

what system is working all the time to maintain acid-base balance?

Answer 18

Carbonic acid buffering system

Question 19

how does the carbonic acid buffering system respond to an increase in pH?

Answer 19

H+ proton donor causes decrease in H+ ions

H2CO3 → HCO3- + H+

Question 20

how does the carbonic acid buffering system respond to a decrease in pH?

Answer 20

H+ proton acceptor causes an increase in H+ ions

H2CO3 ← HCO3- + H+

Question 21

How does the respiratory system regulate CO2 in the blood?

Answer 21

by combining with H2O

H2O = H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Question 22

What is a big takeaway regarding acid-base and the respiratory system?

Answer 22

the respiratory system works to correct acid base imbalance by either raising or lowering the CO2 level

Question 23

when there is an acid-base imbalance, what is important to note about the response of the respiratory system?

Answer 23

Immediate response but is temporary

Question 24

Receptors in the brain sense changes in the pH and do what?

Answer 24

vary the rate/ depth of respiration to regulate CO2 level

Question 25

**faster deep breathing** does what? how does this affect acid-base?

Answer 25

**eliminates “blows off” CO2 from lungs** **This pulls H+ from the blood & reduces acid (pH increases)**

Question 26

how do we assist the acid-base balance of a pt who is hyperventilating?

Answer 26

we can give them a bag so they are breathing in that CO2 to fix the pH levels

Question 27

**slower, shallow breathing** causes what? how does this affect acid-base?

Answer 27

**causes retention of CO2** **increases acid in the bloodstream (increases level) so pH decreases**

Question 28

the renal system adjusts the amount of ______ that is reabsorbed or excreted in urine

Answer 28

HCO3-

Question 29

what do kidneys produce & eliminate?

Answer 29

Kidneys produce HCO3 and eliminate H+ ions

Question 30

what do the **kidneys do when pH decreases**?

Answer 30

**reabsorb HCO3- and excrete H+**

Question 31

what do the **kidneys do when pH increases**?

Answer 31

**excrete HCO3- and retain H+**

Question 32

is the **renal system's response immediate?**

Answer 32

**not immediate → takes at least 24 hours to take effect**

Question 33

what are positively charged and move freely in and out of the cell?

Answer 33

potassium and hydrogen

Question 34

**In acidosis, when H+ is high in the blood (ECF)**, what happens with potassium & hydrogen?

Answer 34

**it trades H+ for K+ in the cell (ICF)** **the K+ goes to the blood causing hyperkalemia**

Question 35

**In alkalosis, when H+ is low in the blood (ECF)**, what happens with potassium & hydrogen?

Answer 35

**it trades K+ for H+** **This leads to more H+ in the blood causing hypokalemia**

Question 36

**potassium shifts** are more pronounced in _______ **than acidosis** and greater in _______ than _______

Answer 36

K+ shifts are more pronounced in **acidosis than alkalosis** Greater in **metabolic than respiratory**