Acid-Base Titrations (Applications) Flashcards
These Standard acids are commonly standardized using Na2CO3
strong acids
Titration of a standard acid with sodium
carbonate yields two endpoints at about _________ and __________.
pH 8.3, pH 3.8
The ______________ is always used for standardization because the change in pH is greater. Sharper
second end point
more obvious color change
sharper endpoints
_________________ (more obvious color change) are achieved by boiling the solution briefly to eliminate the the reaction product, carbonic acid, and carbon dioxide.
Sharper endpoints
For ________________, NaOH is standardized against potassium acid phthalate, KHC8H4O4 commonly abbreviated as KHP. Sodium hydroxide is usually prepared by dissolving the solid NaOH with carbon
standard bases
absorption of carbon dioxide by a base solution introduces a systematic error called ________________ and decreases the sharpness of endpoints during titration.
carbonate error
Calculations involved in __________________ are straight-forward like any strong acid-strong base calculations.
standardization
introduced by Johan Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl Method
It is the most widely used analytical method for determining nitrogen content.
Kjeldahl method
Example substances that contain nitrogen include:
- amino acids
- proteins
- synthetic drugs
- fertilizers
- explosives
- soils
- potable water supplies
- dyes
These are performed on a variety of substances such as meat, feed, grain, wastewater, soil, and many other samples.
Kheldahl nitrogen determinations
The _____________ is determined by a neutralization titration.
ammonia
The ___________________ is distilled, and collected in an acidic solution.
liberated ammonia
Solutions containing a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium hydroxide, either alone or as various mixtures, are usually analyzed through______________________.
acid-base titrations.
