acids and based

Question 1

oxygen carrying function

Answer 1

PaO2 80-100
SaO2 >90
Hgb –> 12-16

Question 2

ventilation

Answer 2

PaCO2 35-45

Question 3

acid base balamce

Answer 3

pH 7.35-7.45
HCO3- 22-26

Question 4

hypoxemia is

Answer 4

low PaO2 <80 mmhg
usually related to diffusion impairment but can be lowered by hypoventilation

Question 5

in COPD hypoxemia is chronically low

Answer 5

<50 mmHg

Question 6

may be associated with decreased SaO2:
shift of O2 HGb association curve shifts where with decrease O2

Answer 6

right if acidic environment from infection/hypoventilation

O2 desaturate

Question 7

Hgb

Answer 7

measure of O2 carrying capacity of blood

Question 8

factors cause right shift

Answer 8

reduced affinity
increase temp
increase H+
increase 2-3 DPG

Question 9

factors cause left shift

Answer 9

decrease temp
decrease 2-3 DPG
decrease H+

Question 10

hypoventilation
___PaCO2
_____acidity
___pH

Answer 10

elevate PaCO2
increase acidity
lower pH

Question 11

hyperventilation
___PaCO2
_____acidity
___pH

Answer 11

decrease paCO2
decrease acidity
increase pH

Question 12

vigorious exercise can cause

Answer 12

lactic acidiosis

Question 13

renal failure causing metabolic _____ will cause ____ventilation to _____ CO2 and return pH to normal

Answer 13

alkalosis; hypoventilation; elevate

Question 14

a person with COPD and _____capnia, chronically elevated _____ would cause acidosis

Answer 14

hypercapnia;PaCO2

-compensated by renal rentention of HCO3-
has a normal pH (compensated respiratory acidosis)

Question 15

which has cause of
-CNS depression from drugs, injury, disease (cause cant stimulate breathing well)
-asphyxia
-hypoventilation due to pulm,cardio,musculo,neuro

Answer 15

respiratory acidosis

Question 16

respiratory acidosis findings

___CO2 retention
pH___
HCO3- ______
PaCO2 ______

Answer 16

respiratory acidosis findings

excess CO2 retention
pH <7.35
HCO3- 28 if compensating
PaCO2 45

Question 17

S&S of respiratory acidosis

Answer 17

-diaphoresis
-HA
-tachycardia
-confusion
-restlessness
-apprehension

Question 18

hyperventilation due to anxiety, pain, improper ventilator settings
respiratory stimulation caused by drugs, disease, hypoxia, fever, high room temp
gram neg bacteremia

Answer 18

resp alkalosis

Question 19

resp alk
excess CO2_____
pH _____
HCO3_____
PaCO2 ____

Answer 19

PaCO2 45
excess CO2 excretion
pH >7.45
HCO3- 24 if compensating
PaCO2 <35

Question 20

S&S of resp alk

Answer 20

rapid, deep breathing
parasthesia
light head
twitch
anxiety
fear

Question 21

which has S&S of parasthesia

Answer 21

resp alk

Question 22

metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 22

excessive excretion of acids due to renal disease
loss HCL from vomit and gastric suction
decrease plamsa K+
excessive alkali ingestion

Question 23

which is caused due to vomitting and gastric suction

Answer 23

met alkalosis

Question 24

met alkalosis findings
HCO3_____
pH____
HCO3_____
PaCO2____

Answer 24

met alkalosis findings
HCO3 retention acid loss
pH >7.45
HCO3 –> 28
PaCO2 >45 if compensating

Question 25

S&S of met alkalosis

Answer 25

slow, shallow breathing confusion hypertonic muscles twitch restlessness, irrtable apathy tetany coma seizure

Question 26

met acidosis causes

Answer 26

HCO3 depletion due to CKD, diarrhea, small bowl disula excessive production of organic acid due to hepatic disease endocrine disorders inc: diabetes,hypoxia, shock, drug intox hyperkalemia

Question 27

met acid findings HCO3____ pH HCO3 PaCO3

Answer 27

HCO3 loss (base excretion) pH <7.35 HCO3 <22 PaCO3 <35 if compensating

Question 28

S&S of met acidosis

Answer 28

rapid, deep breathing fatigue fruity breath HA drowsy lethargy nausea and vomit coma