ankle

Question 1

painful overuse tendon condition and can be classified as tendinitis or tendinosis

Answer 1

achilles tendinopathy

Question 2

a painful overuse tendon injury with the prescence of inflammatory cells

Answer 2

tendinitis

Question 3

the degeneration of tendon in absense of inflammatory cells

Answer 3

tendinosis

Question 4

primary site of tendon injuries is

Answer 4

proximal to tendons insertion

note: this region is noted to be a region of hypovascularity and has an increased susceptibility to injury

Question 5

achilies tendinopathy is common in

Answer 5

male athlete who run

-run/jump

Question 6

achillies tendon injury are result of excessive ____ loading that results from training errors, changes in training, increased distance, changes in terrain

Answer 6

eccentric

Question 7

pes planus or pes cavus is contributing factor for achilles tendinopathy

Answer 7

pes planus ; pronation

Question 8

poorer outcomes of surgical achillies tendonapthy repair is associated with what 3 things

Answer 8

-advanced age
-intertendon lesions
-partial tendon ruptures

Question 9

excessive ____
pes ____
rearfoot motion

predisposes developemnt of achillies tendinopathy

Answer 9

pronation
planus

Question 10

ankle sprain commonly occurs in pts younger than ___ with the highest occurence in the 15-19 age

Answer 10

35

Question 11

lateral portion of ankle ligaments injured is what sprain

Answer 11

lateral ankle sprain

Question 12

most common ligaments injured in lateral ankle sprain

Answer 12

anterior talofibular
calcaneal fibular

Question 13

synonymous with high ankle sprains and anterior tibiofibular ligament sprains. these sprains occur when theres injury to the ligaments between the two major bones of the lower leg at the level of the ankle

Answer 13

syndesmotic sprains

Question 14

rarest and occur when there is an injury to the deltoid ligament

Answer 14

medial ankle sprains

Question 15

in ankle sprains the lateral ligaments and the ____ capsule are the most commonly injured

Answer 15

anteriorlateral

Question 16

low ankle sprain: lateral ankle ligaments injuries are usually result of a rapid ___ moment at the ankle

Answer 16

inversion

“rolled ankle” “pop”

Question 17

low ankle sprains MOI

Answer 17

plant foot when run
step up or down
stepping or landing on uneven surface

Question 18

high ankle sprains MOI

Answer 18

syndesmotic sprains; ankle planted in DF and ER

Question 19

syndesmotic ankle sprain common with non contact or direct contact

Answer 19

direct

Question 20

medial ankle sprain MOI

Answer 20

PF with eversion

Question 21

is surgery indicated for ankle sprains

Answer 21

not really, but with grade III can

note: surgery has not been established as the txt of choice for grade III sprains and usually is performed only after conservative care has failed

Question 22

grade III syndesmotic sprains treated with ____fixation

Answer 22

internal

Question 23

surgical reconstruction of ATFL and calcaneal fibular ligament may be performed for

Answer 23

chronic lateral ankle instabilit

Question 24

what phase of ankle sprain healing is:

control inflammation, decreasing edema and protection from further injury

Answer 24

phase one or acute phase

Question 25

what phase of ankle sprain is: decreasing pain, increasing pain free ROM and limited loss of strength and proprioception

Answer 25

phase two or subacute stage

Question 26

what phase of ankle sprain is: restoration of full ROM, strength, and proprioception will return to function

Answer 26

phase three

Question 27

pain along distal two thirds of posterior medial tibia and can be debilitating injury to runners

Answer 27

shin splits

Question 28

what is a more specific label that excludes diagnoses of stress fractures or posterior compartment syndrome

Answer 28

medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 29

shin splins are common in

Answer 29

teens-young adults who are inv in running or jumping activities

Question 30

shin splins are higher in male or female

Answer 30

female runners

Question 31

overuse injuries of shin splins can be classified into three categories

Answer 31

1. anatomical and biomechanical factors 2.training errors 3. interaction b/w shoes and running surface

Question 32

causes of shin splints

Answer 32

-periositis at posterior medial border of distal tibia -soleus might be a contributor to medial shin pain -FDL and deep crural fascia may also be sources of shin splits, since they attach to the tibia in a location similar to that of the symptoms in shin splints

Question 33

MOI of shin splints

Answer 33

overuse or unaccustomed use

Question 34

contribiting factors to shin splints excessive _____ drop higher ___ in runners increased pronation or supination?

Answer 34

excessive navicular drop higher BMI in runners increased pronation

Question 35

where is pain palapable in shin spints

Answer 35

middle to distal third of posterior medial tibia

Question 36

is pain in shin splints dull ache or sharp

Answer 36

dull ache can be intense pain

Question 37

what is a common surgical procedure for shin splints

Answer 37

fasciotomy of the superior posterior compartment

Question 38

once inflammation process has decreased, the focus should be on stretching to improve DF or PF

Answer 38

DF and decrease pronation want to control pronation

Question 39

inflammation of the plantar fascia most common at its proximal insertion at the medial tubercle of the calcanus

Answer 39

plantar fascitis

Question 40

_____ at the attachemnt site of plantar fascia are common findings

Answer 40

bone spurs

Question 41

is plantar fascitis chronic overuse or acute

Answer 41

chronic overuse causing repetitive microtears and thus pain in the plantar aspect of the foot anywhere along the course of plantar fasica but mostly on proximal medial edge

Question 42

what is most commonly injured at proximal attachment of plantar fascia into the medial calcaneal tubercle

Answer 42

plantar aponeurosis

Question 43

presence of a ____ arch is thought to increase tensile force within the plantar fascia thus causing microtearing

Answer 43

low media longitudinal arch

Question 44

plantar fascitis most common in what age

Answer 44

40-60 females -obese, male runner, athletes higher prevalence

Question 45

what are the risk factors of plantar fascitis

Answer 45

pronated foot and obesity

Question 46

primary risk factors of plantar fascitis

Answer 46

inadequate talocrural DF ROM BMI>25

Question 47

insidous onset of progressively worsening medial heel pain pain is worse in the _____ or after periods of non WB position --> standing and walking pes _____ limted ____ and ___ flexibility

Answer 47

medial planus gastroc and soleus