Acids and Bases all

Question 1

What are the properties of acids?

Answer 1

Sour taste, corrosive, litmus red, pH < 7 (smaller than 7) Examples include nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Question 2

What are the properties of bases (alkalis)?

Answer 2

Bitter taste, slippery to touch, caustic, litmus blue, pH > 7 (bigger than 7) Used in cleaning products.

Question 3

What is an acid?

Answer 3

A molecule that can lose/ donate hydrogen cations.

Question 4

What is a base?

Answer 4

A molecule that can gain or accept hydrogen cations.

Question 5

What do most bases contain?

Answer 5

Hydroxide ions.

Question 6

What is a strong acid?

Answer 6

An acid that almost completely ionizes in water.

Question 7

What happens to hydrogen ions in a strong acid?

Answer 7

They break away from the compound easily.

Question 8

Give examples of strong acids.

Answer 8

Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.

Question 9

What is a weak acid? (exactly what it is)

Answer 9

An acid that partially ionizes.

Question 10

What happens to hydrogen ions in a weak acid?

Answer 10

They do not break away from the compound. (stay bonded)

Question 11

Give examples of weak acids.

Answer 11

Citric acid, acetic acid.

Question 12

What do neutralization reactions contain?

Answer 12

Hydrogen ions.

Question 13

What is a neutralization chemical reaction?

Answer 13

A reaction between an acid and a base.

Question 14

What do neutralization reactions produce?

Answer 14

Water and a salt (ionic compound).

Question 15

What is the neutralization chemical equation?

Answer 15

Acid + base -> salt + water.

Question 16

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 16

Salts formed from an acid and base, has cations and anions.

Question 17

Give an example of a neutralization equation.

Answer 17

Sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid mix to create sodium sulfate.

Question 18

What do neutralization reactions contain when the base does not have a hydroxide ion?

Answer 18

Carbonate ion.

Question 19

What is the chemical equation when hydroxide ion is replaced by carbonate ion?

Answer 19

Acid + base -> salt + water + carbon dioxide.

Question 20

What occurs when a neutralization reaction has a carbonate ion?

What does it create?

Answer 20

It produces water, salt, and carbon dioxide.

Question 21

What is a weak base?

Answer 21

Molecule doesn’t completely accept hydrogen ions.

Question 22

Give examples of weak bases.

Answer 22

Ammonia, sodium bicarbonate.

Question 23

What is a strong base?

Answer 23

A molecule that ACCEPTS hydrogen ions.

Question 24

Give examples of strong bases.

Answer 24

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.

Question 25

How to measure pH? (the types, not the indicators)

Answer 25

Using litmus paper, pH meter, or indicators.

Question 26

What are the types of indicators used to measure pH?

Answer 26

Universal indicator, bromophenol blue, phenolphthalein.

Question 27

What is a concentrated acid?

Answer 27

A solution with many acid molecules.

Question 28

What is a dilute acid?

Answer 28

A solution with few acid molecules.

Question 29

What type of scale is pH?

Answer 29

Log scale.

Question 30

What does the pH scale tell us?

Answer 30

How acidic or basic substances are.

Question 31

What does one unit correspond to on a pH scale?

Answer 31

A 10x change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 32

Give an example of a pH scale unit.

Answer 32

pH 4 is 10x more acidic than pH 5.

Question 33

example of a real life neutralisation reaction

Answer 33

using antacid tablets to relieve indigestion

Question 34

What is pH = 7?

Answer 34

It is neutral, examples include water.

Question 35

What is pH > 7?

Answer 35

It indicates a base; lower pH means stronger acid.

Question 36

What is pH < 7?

Answer 36

It indicates an acid; higher pH means stronger base.

Question 37

How do acids assist in digestion?

Answer 37

- They break down food - activate digestion.

Question 38

What do antacids do?

Answer 38

neutralize excess stomach acid -relieve indigestion.

Question 39

What is the effect of acids on the environment?

Answer 39

They can damage aquatic ecosystems, forests, and buildings.

Question 40

Lower ph means what in acids?

Answer 40

more acidic

Question 41

A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions which is this acid or base?

Answer 41

base

Question 42

REAL LIFE examples of weak acid

Answer 42

Vinegar (acetic), lemon juice (citric)

Question 43

REAL LIFE examples of weak bases

Answer 43

baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

Question 44

REAL LIFE examples of strong bases

Answer 44

detergents and soaps

Question 45

What is Universal indicator

Answer 45

changes color to show if something is acidic, basic or neutral (green)

Question 46

What is bromophenol blue

Answer 46

a pH indicator changes color based on acidity -yellow in acidic -blue in basic

Question 47

What is phenolphthalein

Answer 47

PH indicator in acid-base (turns pink)

Question 48

What does HCL, HF, HNO, HSO, HPO, CHCOOH stand for?

Answer 48

HCL- hydrochloric acid HF- hydrofluorinic acid HNO- nitrict acid HSO- sulfric acid HPO- phosphoric acid CHCOOH- acetic acid

Question 49

What are some of the Neutralized bases and what do they stand for?

Answer 49

NAOH- sodium hydroxide Ca (OH)- calcium hydroxide KOH- potassium hydroxide LiOH- lithium hydroxide NaHCO- soidum hydrogen carbonate NH- ammonia

Question 50

Why do strong acids conduct electiricty better than weak acids

Answer 50

Strong acids have a higher concentration of charged particles

Question 51

How does litmus paper indicate PH of substance

Answer 51

blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic solution, red litmus paper turns blue