Acids, Bases And Salts

Question 1

What is a base?

Answer 1

Any substance with a PH greater than 7

Question 2

What is an acid?

Answer 2

Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a PH below 7

Question 3

What is an alkaline?

Answer 3

A base that dissolves in water forming a substance with a PH greater than 7

Question 4

What ions do alkaline form in water?

Answer 4

OH-

Question 5

What ions do acids form?

Answer 5

H+

Question 6

What is the reaction between an acid and a base called? And what does it create?

Answer 6

Neutralisation reaction
Creates salt and water

Question 7

What is the chemical formulae for sodium hydroxide? And is it an acid or a base?

Answer 7

NaOH
Base

Question 8

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate? And is it an acid or a base?

Answer 8

CaCO3
Base

Question 9

What type of metals can also be used in neutralising reactions?

Answer 9

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonate

Question 10

What is produced when reacting acid and metal carbonate?

Answer 10

Salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 11

How do you make soluble salts using metals?

Answer 11

• gently heat dilute acid
• keep adding insoluble base (little bit at a time)
• eventually base will stop dissolving (in excess meaning the rest of the solution is neutralised)
• filter out excess (what is left is a dissolved form of soluble salt
• to make into salt crystals heat in a water bath until crystals form

Question 12

What is an example of an insoluble base?

Answer 12

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonate

Question 13

Why is it important to use an excess of the other reactant to neutralise an acid?

Answer 13

To ensure all the acid is used up (acid is a limiting reactant)

Question 14

What is a strong acid?

Answer 14

Completely ionises in aqueous solution

Question 15

What does ionising mean?

Answer 15

Produces hydrogen ions

Question 16

When do acids become ionising?

Answer 16

When in contact with water