Acis Base

Question 1

What is the pH level of the overdose patient?

Answer 1

7.3

Question 2

What is the CO2 level of the overdose patient?

Answer 2

28mmHg

Question 3

What is the HCO3 level of the overdose patient?

Answer 3

9mEq/L

Question 4

What is the Base Excess (BE) of the overdose patient?

Answer 4

-11

Question 5

What is the Anion Gap of the overdose patient?

Answer 5

19

Question 6

What is the SpO2 level of the overdose patient?

Answer 6

96% NRB

Question 7

What is the respiratory rate (RR) of the overdose patient?

Answer 7

34

Question 8

What is the heart rate (HR) of the overdose patient?

Answer 8

100

Question 9

What is the blood pressure (BP) of the overdose patient?

Answer 9

100/60

Question 10

What is the blood glucose level (BGL) of the overdose patient?

Answer 10

76mg/dL

Question 11

What is the tidal volume (V T) of the overdose patient?

Answer 11

500mL

Question 12

What is the FiO2 level of the overdose patient?

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

What is the PEEP level of the overdose patient?

Answer 13

5mmHg

Question 14

What is the PAP level of the overdose patient?

Answer 14

40mmHg

Question 15

What is the formula for buffering of hydrogen in the respiratory side?

Answer 15

H + HCO3 → H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

Question 16

What pH range indicates normal conditions?

Answer 16

35 – 45mmHg

Question 17

What pH level indicates respiratory acidosis?

Answer 17

> 45mmHg

Question 18

What pH level indicates respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 18

< 35mmHg

Question 19

What is the formula for buffering of hydrogen in the metabolic side?

Answer 19

H + HCO3 → H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

Question 20

What HCO3 level indicates metabolic acidosis?

Answer 20

< 24mEq/L

Question 21

What HCO3 level indicates normal conditions?

Answer 21

24 – 28mEq/L

Question 22

What HCO3 level indicates metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 22

> 28mEq/L

Question 23

What is the acronym for causes of high anion gap acidosis?

Answer 23

MUDPILES

Question 24

What is the definition of anion gap?

Answer 24

Difference between measured cations and anions in serum

Question 25

What are examples of chemical buffers?

Answer 25

Bicarbonate, proteins, phosphate

Question 26

True or False: A pH of 7.3 indicates alkalosis.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What is a product of normal metabolism?

Answer 27

Hydrogen ## Footnote Hydrogen ions play a crucial role in the body's acid-base balance.

Question 28

What are the main systems involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance?

Answer 28

* Buffers * Lungs * Kidneys

Question 29

What pH range is considered normal for arterial blood?

Answer 29

7.35 - 7.45 ## Footnote The 'magic number' for normal pH is 7.4.

Question 30

Define acidosis in terms of pH.

Answer 30

< 7.35

Question 31

Define alkalosis in terms of pH.

Answer 31

> 7.45

Question 32

What is the normal range for pCO2 in arterial blood?

Answer 32

35 - 45 mmHg

Question 33

What is considered respiratory acidosis in terms of pCO2?

Answer 33

> 45 mmHg

Question 34

What is respiratory alkalosis in terms of pCO2?

Answer 34

< 35 mmHg

Question 35

What are common symptoms of hypoventilation?

Answer 35

* Poor O2 exchange * CO2 retention * Dyspnea

Question 36

What is the pH and HCO3 level during an anxiety attack with hyperventilation?

Answer 36

pH: 7.1, HCO3: 25 mEq/L

Question 37

What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 37

Excess + ions consume HCO3

Question 38

What are the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 38

* No dyspnea * Cardiac arrest (in severe cases)

Question 39

What is the normal range for HCO3 in arterial blood?

Answer 39

24 - 28 mEq/L

Question 40

Fill in the blank: A normal base excess (BE) range is _______.

Answer 40

-2 to +2 mmol/L

Question 41

What does the anion gap formula calculate?

Answer 41

Na - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 42

What is a normal anion gap range?

Answer 42

3 - 10 mmol/L

Question 43

What are some causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 43

* Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) * Salicylate poisoning * Methanol poisoning * Ethylene glycol poisoning * Uremia * Lactic acidosis * INH (Isoniazid) overdose

Question 44

What is the definition of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 44

HCO3 > 28 mEq/L

Question 45

What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

Answer 45

Retain HCO3

Question 46

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 46

Oxygen binds to hemoglobin at high pH, helping to offload H+ ions

Question 47

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 47

Decrease in pCO2

Question 48

What is the expected pH during compensated metabolic acidosis?

Answer 48

pH: 7.37

Question 49

What is indicated by a pCO2 of >45 mmHg?

Answer 49

Respiratory acidosis

Question 50

True or False: In metabolic alkalosis, HCO3 is typically less than 24 mEq/L.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is the effect of excessive diuresis on acid-base balance?

Answer 51

Can lead to metabolic alkalosis

Question 52

What is the significance of the term 'compensated' in acid-base disorders?

Answer 52

The body has adjusted pH levels through compensation mechanisms

Question 53

What are the characteristics of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 53

pCO2 < 35 mmHg and HCO3 around 25 mEq/L