Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EMC 360 - WCU EMC > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is asthma?

A

A chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is asthma classified as a COPD?

A

No, asthma is not classified as a COPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the risk factors for asthma?

A

Environmental factors, genetic predisposition, allergens, and respiratory infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is spirometry used for?

A

To measure lung function, specifically the volume and flow of air during inhalation and exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does FEV1 stand for?

A

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does PEFR stand for?

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three signs or symptoms of asthma.

A
  • Wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

A severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for asthma death?

A
  1. History of severe asthma exacerbations
  2. Poor adherence to treatment
  3. Use of high-dose beta-agonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that block airflow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the components of the COPD Trilogy?

A
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is barrel chest?

A

A physical deformity of the chest characterized by a rounded, bulging shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of COPD?

A
  • Chronic cough
  • Sputum production
  • Dyspnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the significance of SpO2 in COPD?

A

It measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, important for assessing respiratory function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What role does ECG play in COPD?

A

Used to assess heart function and detect potential complications related to COPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main treatment options for COPD?

A
  • Bronchodilators
  • Corticosteroids
  • Oxygen therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does CPAP/BiPAP do?

A

Keeps airways open and reduces fatigue during breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is one risk associated with CPAP/BiPAP?

A

Hyperinflation of the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some other medications used in respiratory conditions?

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Aminophylline
  • Terbutaline
  • Heliox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the dosage for intramuscular epinephrine?

A

0.3 – 0.5 mg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the nebulized dosage for epinephrine?

A

1 mg of 1:1000 in 3 mL NS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is aminophylline?

A

An IV bronchodilator with a narrow therapeutic index.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of drug is terbutaline?

A

A beta-2 agonist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Heliox composed of?

A

80% Helium and 20% Oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the benefit of Heliox in respiratory treatment?
It lowers airway resistance due to its low specific gravity.
26
True or False: Heliox helps in creating laminar flow in the airways.
True.
27
What is pulmonary edema?
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs. ## Footnote Often associated with congestive heart failure.
28
What is congestive heart failure?
Failure of pump function of the heart. ## Footnote Can lead to pulmonary edema.
29
What causes loss of Starling forces in the pulmonary system?
Osmotic pressure < Hydrostatic pressure. ## Footnote This imbalance contributes to pulmonary edema.
30
What are the precipitating events of congestive heart failure?
Various factors including hypertension and coronary artery disease. ## Footnote These can exacerbate heart function.
31
How is congestive heart failure classified?
Based on systolic and diastolic dysfunction. ## Footnote Classification helps in treatment strategies.
32
What are the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure?
Dyspnea, edema, fatigue, and orthopnea. ## Footnote Symptoms may vary based on severity.
33
What is a common treatment for congestive heart failure?
Nitroglycerin. ## Footnote Used to relieve chest pain and improve blood flow.
34
What is pulmonary embolism?
A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. ## Footnote Often caused by blood clots from the legs.
35
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism?
Obstruction of blood flow leading to reduced gas exchange. ## Footnote Can result in hypoxemia and pulmonary infarction.
36
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
Dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis. ## Footnote Symptoms may vary widely among patients.
37
What lab tests are used to diagnose pulmonary embolism?
D-dimer levels and CT pulmonary angiography. ## Footnote D-dimer is a marker of clot formation.
38
What ECG changes are associated with pulmonary embolism?
S1Q3T3 pattern. ## Footnote Seen in approximately 20% of PE patients.
39
What are the treatment options for pulmonary embolism?
Anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytics. ## Footnote Treatment depends on severity and patient stability.
40
What are the risk factors for pulmonary embolism?
Prolonged immobility, recent surgery, and obesity. ## Footnote These increase the likelihood of clot formation.
41
What is pneumonia?
An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. ## Footnote Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
42
What is the difference between typical and atypical pneumonia?
Typical pneumonia is caused by bacteria; atypical pneumonia is often viral or mycoplasmal. ## Footnote Symptoms and treatments can vary.
43
What are the types of pneumonia?
Lobar pneumonia, bronchial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia. ## Footnote Each type has distinct characteristics and treatment protocols.
44
What are common signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Dyspnea, rhonchi, and fever. ## Footnote Symptoms may vary based on the causative agent.
45
What is a common treatment for pneumonia?
Antibiotics for bacterial cases and supportive care for viral cases. ## Footnote Treatment must be tailored to the specific pathogen.
46
What is Hyperventilation Syndrome?
A condition characterized by excessive ventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis ## Footnote Can be triggered by anxiety, panic attacks, or strenuous exercise.
47
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperventilation?
Symptoms include: * Dizziness * Tingling in extremities * Palpitations * Shortness of breath * Chest pain
48
What do ABGs indicate in Hyperventilation?
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) typically show respiratory alkalosis with decreased CO2 levels.
49
What is the treatment for Hyperventilation Syndrome?
Treatment options include: * Reassurance * Breathing techniques * Chemical sedation with benzodiazepines
50
What role do benzodiazepines play in treating Hyperventilation?
They provide chemical sedation to alleviate anxiety and reduce hyperventilation.
51
What is Upper Airway Obstruction?
A blockage that prevents airflow through the upper airway.
52
What are the causes of Upper Airway Obstruction?
Causes include: * Swelling * Foreign body aspiration * Infection * Trauma
53
What is the difference between Partial and Complete Obstruction?
Partial obstruction allows some airflow, while complete obstruction prevents airflow entirely.
54
What does FBAO stand for?
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction.
55
What are the causes of FBAO?
Common causes include: * Food * Toys * Small objects
56
What is the treatment for FBAO?
Treatment includes: * Back blows * Abdominal thrusts * Emergency medical services
57
What is the treatment for Croup?
Croup treatment may involve: * Corticosteroids * Humidified air * Nebulized epinephrine
58
What is the treatment for Epiglottitis?
Treatment includes: * Antibiotics * Airway management * Corticosteroids
59
What is the treatment for Allergic Reactions?
Treatment options include: * Antihistamines * Corticosteroids * Epinephrine for anaphylaxis
60
What is the treatment for ACE-I Angioedema?
Treatment may require: * Airway management * Corticosteroids * Antihistamines
61
What is the primary focus of oxygenation?
The primary focus of oxygenation is the measurement and management of oxygen delivery and demand.
62
What does FiO2 stand for?
FiO2 stands for Fraction of Inspired Oxygen.
63
What does PEEP stand for?
PEEP stands for Positive End-Expiratory Pressure.
64
What are the two main types of oxygenation measurement?
Arterial and Venous.
65
What is oxygen delivery?
Oxygen delivery refers to the amount of oxygen transported to the tissues.
66
What is oxygen demand?
Oxygen demand refers to the amount of oxygen required by the tissues for metabolism.
67
What are ventilatory parameters?
Ventilatory parameters are the metrics used to assess and manage ventilation, including FiO2 and PEEP.
68
True or False: Increasing oxygenation can be achieved through ventilatory management.
True.
69
Fill in the blank: The measurement of oxygenation is critical for assessing _______.
[oxygen delivery and demand].
70
What is the significance of monitoring oxygenation?
Monitoring oxygenation is crucial for ensuring adequate tissue oxygenation and preventing hypoxia.

EMC 360 - WCU EMC (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions