Shock Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the definition of shock?
Shock is a critical condition resulting from inadequate perfusion of tissues.
It can lead to organ dysfunction and failure if not treated promptly.
What are the main factors affecting stroke volume?
Factors affecting stroke volume include:
* Preload
* Afterload
* Contractility
These factors determine the amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat.
What does systemic vascular resistance refer to?
Systemic vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system.
It is influenced by blood vessel diameter and blood viscosity.
What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?
Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and helps return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
It is a protein found in red blood cells.
What is hematocrit?
Hematocrit is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
It is expressed as a percentage.
What is the low normal range of hematocrit for males?
45%.
This range can vary slightly based on different clinical guidelines.
What is the high normal range of hematocrit for females?
48%.
Hematocrit values can differ based on age, sex, and health status.
What are the types of shock?
Types of shock include:
* Hypovolemic shock
* Cardiogenic shock
* Distributive shock (e.g., septic shock, neurogenic shock)
* Obstructive shock
Each type has distinct causes and treatments.
What are compensatory mechanisms in shock?
Compensatory mechanisms are physiological responses aimed at restoring perfusion during shock, including:
* Increased heart rate
* Vasoconstriction
* Increased respiratory rate
They help maintain blood pressure and organ perfusion.
What are the stages of shock?
Stages of shock include:
* Initial stage
* Compensatory stage
* Progressive stage
* Refractory stage
Each stage reflects the severity and progression of shock.
What is the purpose of pressor agents?
Pressor agents are medications used to increase blood pressure and improve perfusion in shock.
They are critical in managing severe hypotension.
What is the dose range for dopamine in shock treatment?
Dopamine dose ranges are:
* Dopaminergic: 0.5 – 2 mcg/kg/min
* Beta: 2 – 5 mcg/kg/min
* Alpha: >5 mcg/kg/min
The dose determines the specific receptor activity and effects.
What is a key characteristic of dobutamine?
Dobutamine is a positive inotrope and is not a vasopressor.
It decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
What is the dose range for epinephrine?
Epinephrine dose is 2 – 10 mcg/min.
It is often used in cases of bradycardic shock.
What is the primary effect of norepinephrine?
Norepinephrine primarily causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure.
It is commonly used in septic and cardiogenic shock.
What is phenylephrine used for?
Phenylephrine is used for non-cardiac/non-hypovolemic hypotension.
It may be indicated in cases of cerebral problems or during surgery.
What does Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) indicate?
MAP indicates the average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle and is more sensitive than SBP or DBP alone.
It is critical for assessing perfusion pressure.
What is perfusion pressure?
Perfusion pressure is the pressure needed to adequately perfuse organs.
It is essential for maintaining organ function.
