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Acne (Exam 1) Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Abnormality in structure or function of sebaceous follicle

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2
Q

Blackhead (Open comedo)

A

Sebaceous glands atrophy and sebum mixes with loose cells to form keratinous plug

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3
Q

Whitehead (Closed comedo)

A

Trauma or inflammatory changes secondary to overgrowth of bacteria

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4
Q

Acne begins in pre-pubertal period due to overproduction of _____.

A

Androgen

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5
Q

Factors of Acne Vulgaris

A

Increased sebum production
Abnormal keratinization
Growth of P. acnes
Inflammation

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Acne is classified based on ____.

A

Severity

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7
Q

Goals of Acne Treatment

A

Heal existing lesions
Prevent/minimize scarring
Prevent formation of new lesions

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8
Q

Nonpharmacological acne therapy

A

Use gentle, nondrying cleansers
Do not scrub skin/excessive washing
Soap and water has minimal impact on acne
Do not pick/pop pimples

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9
Q

Drugs that target abnormal keratinization

A

Azelaic Acid
Salicylic Acid
Benzoyl Peroxide
Topical Retinoids
Isotretinoin

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10
Q

Drugs that target P.acnes proliferation

A

Benzoyl Peroxide
Topical/oral antibiotics
Topical Dapsone
Azelaic Acid

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11
Q

Drugs that target inflammatory response

A

Azelaic Acid
Corticosteroids
Topical/oral antibiotics
Topical Retinoids
Topical Dapsone
Isotretinoin
Clascoterone

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12
Q

Drugs that target abnormal sebum

A

Anti-androgens
Isotretinoin
Corticosteroids
Estrogens
Clascoterone

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13
Q

First Line Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Topical

A

Benzoyl Peroxide
Tretinoin
Adapalene
Tazarotene
Trifarotene

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14
Q

Main side effect of topical retinoids?

A

Photosensitivity

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15
Q

First Line Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Oral

A

Erythromycin
Minocycline
Clindamycin
Sodium Sulfacetamide w/ Sulfa
Azelaic Acid
Salicylic Acid

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16
Q

Topical Combinations for Acne Vulgaris

A

Benzoyl Peroxide + erythromycin or clindamycin
Epiduo (Adapalene + Bnezoyl peroxide gel)
Ziana, Veltin (Tertinoin + Clindamycin)
Cabtreo (Adapalene + Benzoyl peroxide + Clindamycin)

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17
Q

Oral Dapsone Contraindications

A

Increased risk of hemolytic anemia in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

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18
Q

Topical clascoterone (Winlevi)

A

Blocks effects of testosterone and DHT that bind to androgen receptor
Decreases sebum production and inflammation

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19
Q

Second Line Therapy for Acne Vulgaris

A

Oral Antibacterial Agents
Oral Contraceptives
Spironolactone
Oral Corticosteroids

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20
Q

Oral Antibacterial Agents

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A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Doxycyline
Erythromycin
SMX-TMP

21
Q

How long do oral antibacterial agents take for improvement?

Study These Flashcards
A

3-4 weeks
Used for 4-6 months

22
Q

Oral Contraceptives

Study These Flashcards
A

Tri-Sprintec
YAZ
Estrostep

23
Q

Oral contraceptives containing ____ and ____ reduce androgen action and suppress sebum production.

Study These Flashcards
A

estrogen
progestins

24
Oral contraceptives MOA
5alpha-reductase inhibitors prevent testosterone ---> DHT
25
How long do oral contraceptives take for improvement?
3-6 months
26
Spironolactone is structurally similar to _____ through ______.
progesterone 5alpha-reductase inhibition
27
Spironolactone should not be initiated in patients with
Baseline hypotension and hyperkalemia Monitor gynecomastia in males
28
How long does spironolactone take for improvement?
3-6 months
29
Oral corticosteroids used for temporary benefit in patients with _____ acne.
inflammatory
30
How long should you wait before restarting isotretinoin?
2 months
31
Parameters needed before initiation of treatment of isotretinoin
CBC chemistry profile fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels
32
Pregnancy category X medications
Tazarotene Oral isotretinoin
33
IPLEDGE Requirements for patients
Females must have two negative pregnancy tests 1 months before starting + one every month on it Two forms of contraception Consent form on birth defects Avoid blood donations
34
Prescribers, patients, and pharmacies must be registered and activated in IPLEDGE. T/F
TRUE
35
Wholesalers can send isotretinoin to pharmacies not enrolled in IPLEDGE. T/F
FALSE
36
How many days and refills can a prescriber write for for isotretinoin?
30 days No refills
37
Who must register and activate the pharmacy in IPLEDGE and how often?
Responsible Site Pharmacist (RSP) Annually
38
Dispensing pharmacist must receive a _______ before filling/dispensing isotretinoin.
Risk Management Authorization (RMA)
39
"Do Not Dispense to Patient After" guidelines for isotretinoin
Males: 30 days from office visit Females: 7 days from pregnancy test
40
Acne Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects blood vessels Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands
41
Factors affecting Acne Rosacea
Genetics Immune dysfunction Vascular hyperreactivity Microorganisms (Demodex mites)
42
Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
Persistent centrofacial erythema-Chronic redness of nose and cheeks Telangiectasias-enlarged blood vessels
43
Papulopustular Rosacea
Papules and pustules on central face Comedones do NOT occur
44
Phymatous Rosacea
Tissue hypertrophy that may occur on chin, forehead, and cheeks Most severe
45
Treatment for persistent erythema
Mirvasco - selective a2-agonist Rhofade-selective a1a-agonist
46
Treatment for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and mild/moderate papulopustular disease
Topical metronidazole Azelaic Acid Topical ivermectin Topical minocycline
47
Treatment for moderate/severe papulopustular disease
Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocyline, erythromycin, metroniddazole Isotretinoin
48
For mild acne with predominantly noninflammatory lesions, active agents of first choice include
Topical retinoids or benzoyl peroxide
49
For severe acne with inflammatory lesions, moderate nodules, and cysts, the most appropriate initial drug regimens should include
Fixed-dose combination (adapalene plus benzoyl peroxide) with oral antibiotic

Pharmacotherapeutics (28 decks)

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