Acquired Brain Injuries Flashcards
(41 cards)
what is an acquired brain injury
any condition/event resulting in a sudden non-progressive, or non-degenerative change in neurological processing which can indicate
what are 4 categories of acquired brain injuries
traumatic brain injury, stroke or cerebral vascular accident, post surgical neurological complications and vestibular dysfunctions
what is vision rehabilitation
rehab of the entire visual system and focus on how visual processing impacts behavior and cognitive function
what does an optometrist do for brain injury patients
corrects refractive errors, assesses functional vision, and diagnoses ocular health issues
what are treatments that optometrists can do for brain injuries
lenses, prisms (fresnel, gottlieb, peli), low vision aids and visual rehabilitation
how do you place a prism on specs for a brain injury
base out on the eye of the side with the defect - superior or inferior not in center
where would you place a prism for a right hemianopsia
base out on the right lens
what things do you do differently in the exam for a brain injury
minimize movement around patient, keep room dim, speak clearly, take extensive case history, and notice orientation to person, place, time
what specific things are you going to ask a patient with a brain injury
diplopia, photophobia, headaches, VF cuts, balance and short/long term goals regarding specific vision symptoms
what do you pay special attention to during the work up
VF assessment - midline shift and neurological screening
what is visual neglect
cognitive deficit that refers to the unawareness of objects, people and visual stimuli presented in a visual space contralateral to the cerebral lesion
if a patient had a stroke to the right hemisphere, where would the neglect be
left visual spatial neglect
how is visual neglect different from VF cut
the patient with a VF cut is aware of their vision loss
what are some symptoms of visual neglect
alteration of egocenter (midline shift), bump into objects, skip words while reading, only eat half food on plate, lost in familiar/unfamiliar places, and groom half their face/hair
what are 2 tests for visual neglect
have patient draw a clock face and a specific time that incorporates both side of face - 9:15 or have patient do a line bisection (bisect center of each line)
what is a visual midline shift
mismatch of information and distorting of space due to disruption of ambient system
what are some symptoms of a visual midline shift
alteration of posture, difficulty with balance, hemiplegia, hemiparesis, flexion/extension difficulty, and neglect
how can you help treat visual midline shifts
yoked prisms
what is photophobia
extreme sensitivity to light- inducing pain
how can you treat photophobia
apply tints to lenses
what color tints are for outdoor and indoors
outdoors = brown/gray and indoors = blue or gray (blue is for fluorescent lights)
how can you help treat diplopia
can resolve on its own or use fresnel or ground in prisms
what exercises can help with oculomotor deficits
basic scanning and searching exercises: line tracing (Ann Arbor/Michigan tracking), track words while listening to book on tape, call out first and last letter on a page and create an aperture/window highlighting the text (concentrate on accuracy and speed later)
how can you help with vergence deficits
stabilize vergence in primary gaze at far and near distance and facility and sustainability of fusional vergence at far and near viewing distances
