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Fetal Echo > Acquired Pediatric Pathology > Flashcards

Acquired Pediatric Pathology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is an extra/unusual sound heard during a heartbeat?

A

murmur

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2
Q

What type of murmur is asymptomatic that occurs in school age children and is associated with no structural heart diease?

A

innocent/functional

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3
Q

What heart sound is heart during the closure of MV/TV?

A

S1

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4
Q

What heart sound is heard during the closure of PV/AoV?

A

S2

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5
Q

Systolic/Diastolic/Continuous:
sound occurs during ejection of blood from heart

A

systolic

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6
Q

Systolic/Diastolic/Continuous:
when ventricles are squeezing, blood is going out of heart through Aov/PV

A

systolic

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7
Q

Systolic/Diastolic/Continuous:
sound occurs during phase where ventricles are filling

A

diastolic

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8
Q

Systolic/Diastolic/Continuous:
when ventricles are filling and blood is flowing from atrias through MV/TV

A

diastolic

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9
Q

Systolic/Diastolic/Continuous:
sound occurs during both pumping and relaxing

A

continuous

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10
Q

Causes of functional systolic murmurs?

A

‘stills’s murmur, tricuspid regurgitation

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11
Q

aka vibratory murmur

A

stills murmur

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12
Q

What murmur is due to false tendon/chordae and has a musical sound?

A

stills murmur

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13
Q

What percent of patients have tricuspid regurgitation?

A

80%

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14
Q

T/F: functional systolic murmurs are nothing to worry about

A

true

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15
Q

What type of murmur is always abnormal?

A

diastolic

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16
Q

What are the causes of diastolic murmurs?

A

AoV regurg, pulmonary valve regurg, MVS, TVS

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17
Q

What is the cause of a functional continuous murmur?

A

venous hum

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18
Q

What is the turbulence in jugular venous flow?

A

venous hum

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19
Q

What are the causes of a pathological continuous murmur?

A

PDA, AV malformations

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20
Q

What is it called when an artery and vein are joined together?

A

AV malformation

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21
Q

What occurs when the heart cannot meet metabolic demands of the body?

A

CHF

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22
Q

What are the cardiac causes of CHF?

A

congenital heart defect/disease, acquired heart disease, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmia

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23
Q

What are the non cardiac causes of CHF?

A

HTN, anemia, sepsis, prematurity (respiratory dysplasia)

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of CHF?

Study These Flashcards
A

hypodynamic and hyperdynamic

25
What type of CHF is due to low cardiac output due to obstruction or myocardial disease?
hypodynamic
26
Hypodynamic CHF is aka
backward failure
27
What type of CHF is due to high cardiac output compensating for a defect (shunt/regurg)?
hyperdynamic
28
Hyperdynamic CHF is aka
foward failure
29
What type of CHF is more common in newborns?
hyperdynamic
30
What are the signs of fetal CHF?
hydrops
31
What are the sings of pediatric/neonatal CHF?
tachycardia, tachypnea, poor feeding
32
What can chronic left sided failure lead to?
systemic venous congestion, volume overload, rt sided heart failure, blood back up
33
What happens when the entire CV system backs up?
hepatomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, edema, jugular vein distention, pericardial effusion
34
What is an inflammatory disease that occurs after strep infection?
rheumatic fever
35
What is the leading cause of acquired heart disease?
rheumatic fever
36
What does rheumatic fever effect?
AV valves, semilunar valves, myocardium, pericardium
37
What are diseases of the myocardium?
cardiomyopathy
38
What are causes of cardiomyopathy?
acute, congenital, acquired
39
What causes acute cardiomyopathy?
infectious disease
40
What causes congenital cardiomyopathy?
abnormal myocardium
41
What are the 2 types of cardiomyopathy?
hypertrophic and dilated/congestive
42
What type of cardiomyopathy causes the myocardium to abnormally thicken?
hypertrophic
43
What type of cardiomyopathy causes the myocardium to weaken allowing the chamber to dilate?
dilated/congestive
44
What is systemic HTN?
high blood pressure
45
What type of HTN is associated with another disease?
acquired
46
What type of HTN is most commonly caused by coarctation of the Ao?
congenital
47
What is high BP in the pulmonary arteries that makes the right side of the heart pump harder?
PHTN
48
What are the signs and symptoms of PHTN?
fatigue, SOB, exercise intolerance, dizziness, fainting, LE swelling, chest pain, blue lips
49
What is the 1st symptom of PHTN
fatigue
50
What is acute vasculitis occurring in children under 5 that causes inflammation in wall of arteries?
Kawasakis disease
51
What is an abnormal reaction to infection that is not contagious?
kawasakis disease
52
What are the signs and symptoms of kawasakis disease?
strawberry tongue, swelling of hands/feet, red eyes, high fever, total body rash/peeling
53
What is the cardiac impact of kawasakis disease?
coronary artery aneurysm, myocarditis
54
When is conduction developed by?
16 weeks
55
What is better for evaluating arrhythmias due to better temporal resolution?
M-Mode
56
What is considered fetal tachycardia
>180 bpm
57
What is considered fetal bradycardia
<100 bpm
58
T/F: it is better for fetal HR to be too fast than too slow
True
59
What is it called when probe pressure on cord/fetus causes HR to drop?
transient bradycardia

Fetal Echo (9 decks)

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