Cardiac Abnormalities: Septums

Question 1

What is an abnormal opening in the wall of the IVS?

Answer 1

VSD

Question 2

What are the 2 regions of the IVS?

Answer 2

membranous and muscular

Question 3

What is the most common location for VSD?

Answer 3

membranous IVS

Question 4

What defect lies immediately below PV outflow?

Answer 4

supracristal membranous VSD

Question 5

What defect is located inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis?

Answer 5

infracristal membranous VSD

Question 6

What defect is between the MV and TV?

Answer 6

inlet septum (muscular VSD)

Question 7

What defect is between the LV and RV in apex area?

Answer 7

trabecular (muscular VSD)

Question 8

What defect is between the LVOT and RVOT?

Answer 8

outlet septum (muscular VSD)

Question 9

What defect is just inferior to the membranous IVS?

Answer 9

membranous or perimembranous (muscular VSD)

Question 10

What is the most common type of VSD?

Answer 10

membranous or perimembranous (80%)

Question 11

What is the typical size of a VSD?

Answer 11

7mm-3cm

Question 12

When do most ASD occur?

Answer 12

in the first 7 weeks of development

Question 13

What are the types of ASD?

Answer 13

ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus

Question 14

What ASD results from the failure of septum primum to fuse with endocardial cushion during septation?

Answer 14

ostium primum

Question 15

How often does ostium primum ASD occur?

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

What is the most common ASD that occurs 70% of the time?

Answer 16

ostium secundum

Question 17

What ASD results from a PFO?

Answer 17

ostium secundum

Question 18

How often does a sinus venosus ASD occur?

Answer 18

10%

Question 19

Where does sinus venosus ASD occur?

Answer 19

superior portion of IAS near junction of SVC and RA

Question 20

What ASD is located in the inferior septal area close to the coronary sinus?

Answer 20

coronary sinus ASD

Question 21

What ASD has a complete or near absence of entire IAS?

Answer 21

common atria

Question 22

How often does a PFO occur?

Answer 22

25-34% of people have PFO

Question 23

What defects are associated with down’s syndrome?

Answer 23

endocardial cushion defects

Question 24

What is aka AV canal defect?

Answer 24

endocardial cushion defect

Question 25

What does a complete endocardial cushion defect consist of?

Answer 25

ostium primum ASD, perimembranous VSD, straddling AV valves

Question 26

What connect the PA to the Aorta?

Answer 26

ductus arteriosus

Question 27

When does the DA functionally close?

Answer 27

15 hours after birth

Question 28

When does the DA structually close?

Answer 28

2-3 weeks after birth

Question 29

What does the DA become after birth?

Answer 29

ligamentum arteriosus

Question 30

What does a PDA place a burden on?

Answer 30

lungs

Question 31

What can cause pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 31

patent ductus arteriosus causes increase load to lungs

Question 32

What is it called when the muscle of the heart is not compacted together tightly?

Answer 32

myocardial non-compaction

Question 33

What does myocardial non-compaction cause?

Answer 33

thick ventricle walls, dilated ventricle, poorly contracting ventricle

Question 34

What are strands of tissue crossing in the LV?

Answer 34

LV bands