Cardiac Abnormalities: Great Vessels

Question 1

What gender has a higher incidence of cardiac abnormalities?

Answer 1

males

Question 2

What disease affects 8 in 1000 live births?

Answer 2

CHD

Question 3

T/F: Baby has a higher risk of CHD is dad has it than mom

Answer 3

F

Question 4

How much space should the heart take up in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 4

1/4-1/3

Question 5

What is it called when the entire heart is enlarged?

Answer 5

cardiomegaly

Question 6

What is cardiomegaly a result of?

Answer 6

the heart is overworked or not emptying

Question 7

What happens when the heart is overworked?

Answer 7

increased cardiac output and increased stroke volume

Question 8

What happens when the heart is not emptying?

Answer 8

reduce ejection fraction

Question 9

What is reduced ejection fraction?

Answer 9

inefficient squeezing, valve regurgitation

Question 10

What causes decreased cardiac size?

Answer 10

the heart is compressed or a cardiac defect

Question 11

What happens when the heart is compressed?

Answer 11

heart is smashed by extra cardiac structures taking up room in the thorax (hernia and lung masses)

Question 12

What is hypoplasic heart syndrome?

Answer 12

left side of heart is severely diminished in size and development

Question 13

When does abnormal embryonic development occur?

Answer 13

during looping process

Question 14

What is abnormal embryonic development?

Answer 14

when the heart is developed in the wrong position

Question 15

What usually occurs with a complex heart diease?

Answer 15

central apex

Question 16

What is it called when the heart is in the left chest and the apex is pointed to the left?

Answer 16

levocardia

Question 17

T/F: Levocardia is the normal position of the heart

Answer 17

T

Question 18

What is it called when the heart is in the right chest and apex is pointed to the heart?

Answer 18

dextrocardia

Question 19

What is it called when the heart is located in the middle of the chest and apex is pointed in the middle?

Answer 19

mesocardia

Question 20

What is associated with situs inversus?

Answer 20

mesocardia and dextrocardia

Question 21

What is AV concordance?

Answer 21

the normal development of the heart

Question 22

What is aka ventricular inversion?

Answer 22

AV discordance

Question 23

What is AV discordance?

Answer 23

RV is on left side and LV is on right side

Question 24

Ventricles switched, atrias normal is called…

Answer 24

situs solitus with L looping

Question 25

Ventricles and atrias switched is called...

Answer 25

situs inversus with L looping

Question 26

Atrias swtiched and ventricles normal is called...

Answer 26

situs inversus with D looping

Question 27

When the heart and abdominal organs are normal in design and location it is called?

Answer 27

situs solitus

Question 28

When the heart and abdominal organs are normal in design and switched in location is called?

Answer 28

situs inversus

Question 29

Situs ambiguous is aka

Answer 29

heterotaxy

Question 30

When the cardiac chambers are developed wrong it is called...

Answer 30

situs ambiguous

Question 31

T/F: Bilateral left sidedness is worse than bilat right sidedness

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Bilateral right sidedness is aka

Answer 32

asplenia syndrome

Question 33

Bilateral left sidedness is aka

Answer 33

polysplenia syndrome

Question 34

T/F: polysplenia syndrome is associated with lung and intestinal defects

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: asplenia syndrome is associated spleen, lung, and kidney defects

Answer 35

true

Question 36

What are the types of aorta and aortic arch abnormalities?

Answer 36

coarctation, double aortic arch, right sided aortic arch

Question 37

What is the narrowing of the aortic lumen that obstructs blood flow?

Answer 37

coarctation of the aorta

Question 38

What percent of coarctation occurs between the left subc a and ductus arteriosus?

Answer 38

98

Question 39

Above level of DA/ligament=

Answer 39

preductal

Question 40

at level of DA/ligament=

Answer 40

juxtaductal

Question 41

below level of DA/ligament=

Answer 41

postductal

Question 42

What is associated with biscuspid aortic valve and ventricular septal defects?

Answer 42

coarctation

Question 43

The ductus arteriosus enlarges with what abnormality?

Answer 43

coarctation

Question 44

What views are best to evaluate coarctation?

Answer 44

SSN, upper parasternal, TEE

Question 45

What percent reduction of the DA is considered severe?

Answer 45

40

Question 46

What occurs when there is a double aortic arch?

Answer 46

both of the 4th arches remain patent

Question 47

What forms a complete vascular ring around the trachea?

Answer 47

double aortic arch

Question 48

What occurs when the arch of the aorta turns to the right and develops in the right side of the chest?

Answer 48

right sided aorta

Question 49

How common is a right sided aortic arch?

Answer 49

affects 1% of general population (1 in 100)

Question 50

What results in one single fused great vessel?

Answer 50

persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 51

What type of PTA do the pulmonary arteries remain normal?

Answer 51

type 1

Question 52

What type of PTA do the pulmonary arteries arise from the posterior portion of truncus?

Answer 52

type 2

Question 53

What type of PTA do the pulmonary arteries arise from the descending aorta?

Answer 53

type 4

Question 54

What type of PTA do the pulmonary arteries arise laterally from the truncus?

Answer 54

type 3

Question 55

Transposition of the great vessels is aka

Answer 55

D transposition

Question 56

What is it called when you can see the aorta and pulmonary artery parallel?

Answer 56

transposition of the great vessels

Question 57

What is the confluence of the IVC, HV, ductus venosus?

Answer 57

subdiaphragmatic vestibulum

Question 58

What vessel serves as a collateral pathway?

Answer 58

azygos vein

Question 59

What does the azygos vein drain into?

Answer 59

SVC