Acs Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the two types of blockage in unstable angina and NSTEMI?
Partial blockage of blood vessels
Unstable angina and NSTEMI are both conditions under Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) characterized by partial blockage.
Does myocardial necrosis occur in unstable angina?
No
Unstable angina is defined by the absence of myocardial necrosis.
What happens to myocardial necrosis in NSTEMI compared to STEMI?
Myocardial necrosis does happen but it is less than STEMI
NSTEMI involves myocardial necrosis, but it is not as severe as in STEMI.
What is the ECG change observed in NSTEMI?
No ECG change
NSTEMI does not show changes on the ECG, distinguishing it from STEMI.
What occurs in STEMI?
Complete blockage of blood vessel
STEMI causes irreversible damage to the heart muscle due to total obstruction.
What is the most severe form of ACS?
STEMI
STEMI is recognized as the worst case scenario in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
What does the ST wave show in STEMI?
Elevated
The elevation in the ST wave is a key indicator of STEMI on an ECG.
How can the diagnosis of ACS be made?
By troponin levels
Elevated troponin levels in the blood are indicative of myocardial injury and help diagnose ACS.
List common symptoms of ACS.
- Chest pain
- Pain spreading to the left arm, jaw or back
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Dizziness
These symptoms may arise during physical exertion or stress.
What triggers symptoms of ACS?
Physical exertion or stress
Symptoms typically resolve within a few minutes of rest.
What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
Stable is predictable and unstable is unpredictable
This distinction helps in assessing risk and management strategies for patients.
Treatment
What are nitrates used for in angina?
Potent coronary vasodilators
Nitrates help to widen blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart.
What are the three common forms of GTN?
- Tablets
- Sprays
- Patches
What are the side effects of GTN?
- Flushing
- Headaches
- Postural hypotension
How long do GTN tablets last?
20 to 30 minutes
What is the recommended way to take GTN tablets?
One tablet, wait five minutes, then take the second dose if needed
What should be done if symptoms do not resolve after taking GTN?
Seek medical attention
When is long-term prophylaxis needed for GTN use?
If GTN is used more than two times a week
What is the appropriate first dose of GTN tablet?
300 micrograms
When should a GTN tablet be taken for prophylaxis of angina?
Before activity that can cause angina
How should GTN tablets be stored?
In glass containers with no more than 100 tablets and a foil line cap
When should GTN tablets be discarded?
After eight weeks of opening
What should not be included in the GTN tablet container?
Cotton wool wadding
