Heart Failure Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is heart failure?
A progressive clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart, leading to reduced cardiac output.
Heart failure can be classified into preserved and reduced ejection fraction.
List common symptoms of heart failure.
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing
- Wheezing
- Ankle swelling
- Reduced exercise tolerance
- Fatigue
These symptoms can vary in severity among patients.
Who is at greater risk for heart failure?
- Men
- Smokers
- Diabetic patients
The risk increases with age, and coronary heart disease is the most common cause.
What is the ejection fraction in reduced ejection fraction heart failure?
Below 40%.
This condition occurs when the left ventricle loses its ability to relax normally.
What defines preserved ejection fraction heart failure?
Cardiac output is normally or mildly reduced.
This type of heart failure is characterized by a better maintenance of ejection fraction.
What is heart failure instability?
When symptoms remain unchanged for at least one month despite optimal management.
This indicates a more severe form of heart failure.
What are the aims of treatment for heart failure?
- Reduce mortality
- Relieve symptoms
- Improve exercise tolerance
- Reduce acute exacerbations
Effective management is crucial for improving patient quality of life.
What are some non-drug treatments for heart failure?
- Life changes
- Weigh at a set time daily
- Report weight gain of more than 1.5 to 2 kilograms in two days
- Reduce salt intake to less than 60%
Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in managing heart failure.
Which medications should be avoided in heart failure?
- Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, nicardipine)
- NSAIDs
These can worsen cardiac function and cause fluid retention.
What is a safe medication for treating heart failure and angina?
Amlodipine.
It is considered safe for use in patients with heart failure.
What are appropriate beta blockers for heart failure?
- Bisoprolol
- Carvedilol
- Nebivolol
Beta blockers can help improve heart function and symptoms.
What diuretics should be used for oedema in heart failure?
- Furosemide
- Bometanide
- Torsedamide
These medications help reduce fluid retention.
Which ACE inhibitors are used for hypertension with heart failure?
- Ramipril
- Captopril
- Enalapril
- Lisinopril
ACE inhibitors are effective in managing both hypertension and heart failure.
List ARBs used in heart failure.
- Candesartan
- Losartan
- Valsartan
Angiotensin receptor blockers are beneficial in heart failure management.
What blood test is used for diagnosing heart failure?
B-type natriuretic peptide.
This biomarker helps assess heart failure severity.
What is the compression ratio for CPR in emergency situations?
30 to 2.
This ratio is critical for effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
What should patients chew in case of a heart emergency?
300mg aspirin.
Aspirin can help reduce blood clotting during a cardiac event.
What position should patients be placed in during recovery?
Recovery position.
This position helps maintain an open airway and prevents choking.
Bandaids abbreviation in HF
Beta blocker
Ace inhibitor
Nitrate/hydralazine
Diuretics (MRA, Loop, Thiazide)
Amiodarone
Ivabradine
Digoxin
Sacrubritil and valsarten
HF treatment summaries