Heart Failure Flashcards

(20 cards)

1
Q

What is heart failure?

A

A progressive clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart, leading to reduced cardiac output.

Heart failure can be classified into preserved and reduced ejection fraction.

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2
Q

List common symptoms of heart failure.

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Coughing
  • Wheezing
  • Ankle swelling
  • Reduced exercise tolerance
  • Fatigue

These symptoms can vary in severity among patients.

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3
Q

Who is at greater risk for heart failure?

A
  • Men
  • Smokers
  • Diabetic patients

The risk increases with age, and coronary heart disease is the most common cause.

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4
Q

What is the ejection fraction in reduced ejection fraction heart failure?

A

Below 40%.

This condition occurs when the left ventricle loses its ability to relax normally.

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5
Q

What defines preserved ejection fraction heart failure?

A

Cardiac output is normally or mildly reduced.

This type of heart failure is characterized by a better maintenance of ejection fraction.

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6
Q

What is heart failure instability?

A

When symptoms remain unchanged for at least one month despite optimal management.

This indicates a more severe form of heart failure.

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7
Q

What are the aims of treatment for heart failure?

A
  • Reduce mortality
  • Relieve symptoms
  • Improve exercise tolerance
  • Reduce acute exacerbations

Effective management is crucial for improving patient quality of life.

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8
Q

What are some non-drug treatments for heart failure?

A
  • Life changes
  • Weigh at a set time daily
  • Report weight gain of more than 1.5 to 2 kilograms in two days
  • Reduce salt intake to less than 60%

Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in managing heart failure.

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9
Q

Which medications should be avoided in heart failure?

A
  • Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, nicardipine)
  • NSAIDs

These can worsen cardiac function and cause fluid retention.

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10
Q

What is a safe medication for treating heart failure and angina?

A

Amlodipine.

It is considered safe for use in patients with heart failure.

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11
Q

What are appropriate beta blockers for heart failure?

A
  • Bisoprolol
  • Carvedilol
  • Nebivolol

Beta blockers can help improve heart function and symptoms.

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12
Q

What diuretics should be used for oedema in heart failure?

A
  • Furosemide
  • Bometanide
  • Torsedamide

These medications help reduce fluid retention.

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13
Q

Which ACE inhibitors are used for hypertension with heart failure?

A
  • Ramipril
  • Captopril
  • Enalapril
  • Lisinopril

ACE inhibitors are effective in managing both hypertension and heart failure.

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14
Q

List ARBs used in heart failure.

A
  • Candesartan
  • Losartan
  • Valsartan

Angiotensin receptor blockers are beneficial in heart failure management.

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15
Q

What blood test is used for diagnosing heart failure?

A

B-type natriuretic peptide.

This biomarker helps assess heart failure severity.

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16
Q

What is the compression ratio for CPR in emergency situations?

A

30 to 2.

This ratio is critical for effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

17
Q

What should patients chew in case of a heart emergency?

A

300mg aspirin.

Aspirin can help reduce blood clotting during a cardiac event.

18
Q

What position should patients be placed in during recovery?

A

Recovery position.

This position helps maintain an open airway and prevents choking.

19
Q

Bandaids abbreviation in HF

A

Beta blocker
Ace inhibitor
Nitrate/hydralazine
Diuretics (MRA, Loop, Thiazide)
Amiodarone
Ivabradine
Digoxin
Sacrubritil and valsarten

20
Q

HF treatment summaries