active and passive

Question 1

characteristics of cell membrane

Answer 1

1. it covers the cell
2. thickness 7.5 - 10 cm
3. selectively permeable
4. it is fluid, not solid
5. composed of:
   55% proteins
   42% lipids
   3% other (can be carbohydrates)

Question 2

is composed of lipid bilayer

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 3

cell membrane is also known as

Answer 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

the two categories of membrane protein

Answer 4

integral
peripheral

Question 5

span the thickness of the membrane

Answer 5

integral

Question 6

what are the functions of integral

Answer 6

channels
carrier proteins
receptors

Question 7

only attach to the surface of the membrane (or attached to integral proteins)

Answer 7

peripheral

Question 8

what are the functions of peripheral

Answer 8

hormone receptors
enzymes

Question 9

the membrane allows some substances to cross it but not others

Answer 9

selective permeability

Question 10

selective permeability through proteins:

Answer 10

water-soluble substances - glucose

Question 11

selective permeability directly through the bilayer:

Answer 11

fat soluble substances - O2, CO2, OH

Question 12

this controls the type and amount of substances entering and leaving the cell

Answer 12

selective permeability

Question 13

it arises from the membrane structure

Answer 13

selective permeability

Question 14

form a open pores that allow molecules of the appropriate size (e.g. ions) to pass the membrane

like a door

Answer 14

channel proteins

Question 15

selectively bind the small molecule to be transported and then undergo a conformational change to release the molecule on the other side of the membrane

like a electronic door

Answer 15

carrier proteins

Question 16

also called carrier mediated diffusion

Answer 16

facilitated diffusion

Question 17

diffusion of a substance is facilitated using a specific carrier protein

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion

Question 18

diffusion continues until ——– is reached or terminated

Answer 18

equilibrium

Question 19

example of facilitated diffusion:

Answer 19

glucose, amino

Question 20

occurs when a cell membrane moves molecules or ions “up-hill” against a concentration gradient

Answer 20

active transport

Question 21

requires energy and a carrier protein

Answer 21

active transport

Question 22

examples of active transport

Answer 22

sodium
potassium
calcium
iron
iodine
amino acids
glucose
carrier proteins

Question 23

indirectly by using the concentration or electrochemical gradient generated by a primary active transport

Answer 23

secondary active transport

Question 24

when both substances are transported together in the same direction

Answer 24

counter transport

Question 25

when one substance is transported in the opposite direction to the other substances.

Answer 25

counter transport

Question 26

examples of secondary active transport:

Answer 26

NA+H+ -kidney

Question 27

direct source of energy

Answer 27

primary active transport

Question 28

indirect source of energy

Answer 28

secondary active transport

Question 29

breakdown ATP and ADP

Answer 29

primary active

Question 30

examples of primary active:

Answer 30

sodium-potassium pump calcium pimp hydrogen pump

Question 31

functions of active transport

Answer 31

maintain NA plus and K plus concentration establish potential inside the cell maintains a normal cell volume the basis of nerve signal transmission

Question 32

membranes are on the surface bounded to lipids or proteins to the membrane

Answer 32

carbohydrates

Question 33

if attached to proteins

Answer 33

glycoproteins

Question 34

if attached to lipids

Answer 34

glycolipids

Question 35

type of membrane movement

Answer 35

passive transport active transport

Question 36

simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis

Answer 36

passive transport

Question 37

primary active transport secondary active transport

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

movement of water from an area of low solute concentration (hypotonic) to an area of high solute concentration (hypertonic)

Answer 38

osmosis

Question 39

type of diffusion

Answer 39

simple diffusion facilitated diffusion

Question 40

the movement of molecules through the intermolecular spaces or membrane openings ( channels ) without the necessity of binding to a carrier protein on the membrane

Answer 40

simple diffusion

Question 41

the transported molecules binds to a carrier protein which then undergoes a conformational change allowing the molecule to pass through to the other side of the cell membrane

Answer 41

facilitated diffusion

Question 42

function of passive

Answer 42

1. receptors 2. attach cells to each other 3. immune reaction 4. give most of cells overall negative surface

Question 43

molecules move down or along their energy gradient does not require energy

Answer 43

passive transport

Question 44

molecules move against their energy gradient require energy

Answer 44

active transport

Question 45

random movement of substances either through the membrane directly or in combination with carrier protein down concentration gradient concentration pressure

Answer 45

passive transport (diffusion)

Question 46

mediated transport down an electrochemical gradient

Answer 46

non carrier

Question 47

from high concentration to low concentration (uncharged)

Answer 47

diffusion of non-electrolytes

Question 48

depends on both chemical as well as electrical potential difference (charged)

Answer 48

diffusion of electrolytes