Activity and Exercise (Musculoskeletal System) Lecture Key Highlights

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Bending the elbow
(decreasing the angle of the joint)

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

Straightening the arm at the elbow
(Increasing the angle of the joint)

Question 3

AbDUCTION

Answer 3

Movement of the bone away from the body (think exercise machine - open the legs)

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Movement of bone toward the midline of the body (think exercise machine - close the legs)

Question 5

Rotation

Answer 5

Movement of bone around a central axis

Question 6

Circumduction

Answer 6

Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

Question 7

Eversion

Answer 7

Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint (think externally/ outward rotating ankle)

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

Turning the sole of the food inward by moving the ankle joint
(think Internal ankle circles)

Question 9

Pronation

Answer 9

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held Infront of the body
(Hands down- typing on keyboard)

Question 10

Supination

Answer 10

Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held Infront of the body
(hands facing up)

Question 11

Which two joint movements involve the hands?

Answer 11

Pronation
Supination

Question 12

Which two joint movements involve the foot?

Answer 12

Eversion
Inversion

Question 13

When describing balance, input from the inner ear, vision and muscles are controlled by which cranial nerve?

Answer 13

8th cranial nerve

Question 14

Coordinated movement involves cerebral functioning, list the three parts of the brain that are used

Answer 14

Cortex
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia

Question 15

Describe what the cortex does when coordinating movement

Answer 15

Initiates voluntary motor activity

Question 16

Describe what the cerebellum does when coordinating movement

Answer 16

Coordinates the motor activities of movement
(Pt will have clumsy, unsure, uncoordinated movement if this is injured)

Question 17

Describe what the basal ganglia do when coordinating movement

Answer 17

Maintains posture

Question 18

_____ motor develops before _____ motor

Answer 18

Gross before fine

Question 19

Joint mobility: which is stronger?

Answer 19

Flexion is stronger than extension

Question 20

During isotonic exercise, what is occurring?

Answer 20

Muscle contractions
Active movement
Active ROM
Running
Walking
Swimming
Cycling
Increased blood flow to whole body

Question 21

During isometric exercise, what is occurring?

Answer 21

Muscle contractions WITHOUT moving the joint (muscle length does NOT change)
does NOT change HR
Example: If a pt is in a cast, they can tense (squeeze) their muscle and relax.

Question 22

Describe the benefits of exercise

Answer 22

Increase mobility, stability, ROM
Reduces weakness
Reduces depression and anxiety

Question 23

Some examples of weight bearing exercise are

Answer 23

Walking
Running

Question 24

Paresis

Answer 24

paralyzed

Question 25

Spastic

Answer 25

too much muscle tone

Question 26

Flaccid

Answer 26

no muscle tone at all

Question 27

What should physical therapy be focused on for pts who have little lower body strength?

Answer 27

Their *upper body* The pt can help push and get side to side

Question 28

When assessing activity tolerance, what is also looked at other than muscle and bone?

Answer 28

HR (strength and rhythm) RR (depth and rhythm) BP

Question 29

Activity must be stopped of the pt has

Answer 29

facial paleness changed LOC dizzy or weakness HR or RR exceeding baseline SOB chest pain dyspnea

Question 30

Nursing interventions that pertain to exercise and activity are

Answer 30

activity therapy cardiac care rehab constipation management exercise promo

Question 31

The nurse should lift no more than _____lb

Answer 31

35

Question 32

Growth and development affect which 5 things?

Answer 32

Posture Body proportions Body mass Body development Reflexes

Question 33

Which two micronutrients effect nutrition?

Answer 33

Vitamin D Calcium

Question 34

The benefits of exercise on the MS systems is

Answer 34

Size (Hypertrophy) Shape Tone Strength

Question 35

Effects of immobility on the MS system are

Answer 35

Osteoporosis Atrophy in muscle size Contractures (foot drop, permanent shortening, external hip rotation) Stiffness and pain (collagen become immobile)

Question 36

Describe the pathophysiology during the valsalva maneuver

Answer 36

Blood flow stops and returns to the heart when breathing again Surge of blood enters the heart

Question 37

Regarding mobility and metabolism, what is considered a good nitrogen balance?

Answer 37

Positive nitrogen stores (helps with making muscle/ healing wounds)

Question 38

Adults do not get enough calcium, however, which food are high in calcium?

Answer 38

Milk/ dairy Broccoli / Spinach (dark leafy greens) Orange juice Salmon w/ bones

Question 39

Bushing hair is an example of which type of rotation?

Answer 39

External

Question 40

Reaching behind your back (like parade rest) is an example of which type of rotation?

Answer 40

Internal (the shoulder comes in)

Question 41

Nodding yes is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 41

Flexion Extension Hyperextension

Question 42

Moving the head laterally from side to side (like shaking water out of your ears)

Answer 42

Lateral flexion

Question 43

Shaking the head no is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 43

Rotation

Question 44

Reaching with your arm to turn on an over head light, with your arm starting by your side is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 44

Flexion Extension Hyperextension

Question 45

Reaching to the nightstand on the same side of the bed as the arm is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 45

Abduction

Question 46

Reaching across the body toward the opposite side of the bed is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 46

Adduction

Question 47

Moving the arm forward, up, back, in down in a full circle is an example of which kind of movement?

Answer 47

Circumduction

Question 48

Which movements are used for eating, shaving, bathing?

Answer 48

Flexion Extension

Question 49

Writing is an example of which type of movement?

Answer 49

Flexion

Question 50

Bending the wrist laterally toward the thumb side with the hand supinated is

Answer 50

Radial flexion (abduction)

Question 51

Ulnar flexion (adduction)

Answer 51

Bending the wrist laterally toward the pinky

Question 52

Name the movements where squeezing, gripping, and writing are used?

Answer 52

Flexion Extension Hyperextension

Question 53

Curling the toes downward

Answer 53

flexion and extension

Question 54

Bending back and touching the toes

Answer 54

flexion extension hyperextension

Question 55

Touch each thumb to the top of each finger of the same hand

Answer 55

opposition abduction rotation flexion