Activity and Immobility Flashcards by Diana Hallis

__ is very interconnected with balance

Gait

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Expected gait

Steady, smooth, and coordinated

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Unexpected gait

Shuffled, uncoordinated, slow, difficult

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Who is at risk for gait abnormalities?

Older adults, neurologic conditions, and spinal or lower extremity problems

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Unexpected gait indicates…

Risk for falling

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Movement that decreases the angle between two joints such as the elbow or knee

Flexion

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Movement that increases the angle between two joints such as the elbow or knee

Extension

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Movement beyond normal resting extended position such as the head

Hyperextension

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Movement so that the ventral surface faces down such as the hand

Pronation

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Movement so that the ventral surface faces up such as the hand

Supination

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Movement away from the midline

Abduction

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Movement towards the midline

Adduction

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Rotation of joint inward

internal rotation

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Rotation of joint outward

external rotation

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Turning foot away from midline

Eversion

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Turning foot towards midline

inversion

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Flexion of toes and foot upward

dorsiflexion

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Bending toes and foot towards the ground

plantar flexion

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Cervical spine should be

concave

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Thoracic spine should be

convex

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Lumbar spine should be

concave

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Sacral spring should be

convex

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Exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine

Lordosis

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Exaggerated curvature of thoracic spine

Kyphosis

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Exaggerated lateral curvature

Scoliosis

Muscle strength grade 0

Paralysis

Muscle strength grade 1

Muscle contraction is seen, no joint motion

Muscle strength grade 2

Muscle can move joint only if properly positioned so gravity is eliminated

Muscle strength grade 3

Can move joint against gravity without resistance

Muscle strength grade 4

Muscle can move joint against moderate resistance

Muscle strength grade 5

Full ROM against resistance

Contraindicated for heat and cold compresses

Very old, very young, frail skin, fair skinned, immobile

Don't use cold therapy on someone with

Vascular insufficiency or an open wound

Assess hot or cold every 5-10 minutes especially if...

Patient is immobile

Center of gravity

the lower the better

Don't have knees...

locked or straight

When lifting use...

assistive device when necessary

Pushing or pulling use a

wide base of support

Major risk factor for mobility issues

Obesity

Other risk factors for mobility issues

Congenital defects, bone/joint or muscle disorders, arthritis, CNS disorders, trauma, reconditioning

Who determines mobility?

Physical therapy

Bedrest ordered by MD is usually

procedure related and time sensitive

Semi-fowlers position

Bed elevated at 15-45 degrees

Fowlers position

bed elevated at 45-60 degrees

High fowler's position

bed elevated at 60-90 degrees

Modified trendelenburg position

Patient is flat, legs are elevated above heart

For patient's with spinal or cervical precautions you must

log roll them

Helpful to aid independence, good for obese patients or those with low extremity issues

Trapeze bar

Patients who have been on bedrest for a long time use a __ __ __

Total lift bed

Mobility foals for most patients are

up within first several hours after surgery or event

Trauma ICU patients up to chair in

next morning if cervical spine cleared

Early mobility helps with...

Respiratory, cardiac, muscle tone, and GI and metabolism

Biggest barrier to mobility is...

Time and lack of staff

Plan ahead for mobile activities by...

Administering pain medication 30 minutes prior if indicated

2 types of canes

Single straight legged and quad canes

Canes are used for

MILD strength and balance impairments

Quad canes used for patients with

Unilateral weakness

Canes go on the

strong side

Then the weaker side

moves with the cane

The patient needs __ points of support on the ground at all times

Teach patient to never

Lean over walker and always stay upright

Don't let walker get too much

ahead of the patient

Don't use walkers on

multiple stairs

Walk with...

affected leg or weak side first

Cane opposite of

affected leg

Forearm crutch used longer typically for...

Paralysis

Crutch pads should be __-__ finger lengths from the axilla

2-3

Weight bearing should be on __ __ not axilla pads

hand grips

Basic crutch position is the

tripod position

Four point gait is...

Weight bearing on both legs and always 3 points of support

Crutches: 3 point gait: All weight on

unaffected leg

Crutches 2 point gait

Partial weight bearing on both feet

Crutches with 2 point gait mimics

how normal arms and legs move

Activity and Immobility Flashcards

(73 cards)