Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Protective response of living tissues to any form of damage.

Question 2

Two functions of inflammation

Answer 2

Remove pathogenic insults

Remove damaged tissue components

Question 3

Classification

Answer 3

Acute

Chronic

Question 4

Inflammation is a component of adaptive system.T/F

Answer 4

False- it is innate

Question 5

Stages of acute inflammation

Answer 5

Initiation
Amplification of response
Destruction of offending agents
Termination

Question 6

Phases of acute inflammation

Answer 6

Vascular

Cellular

Question 7

Chronic inflammation o cuts of acute doesn’t succeed. T/F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

PAMP
DAMP

What do they do

Answer 8

Pathogen Associated Microbial Pattern

Danger(Damage) Associated Microbial Pattern

They are recognized by pattern recognition receptors(PRR) and cause the gene activation of chemical mediators that cause inflammation

Question 9

Examples of PRR(Pattern recognition receptors)

Answer 9

Toll-like receptors
NOD(Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain)
C-type lectin receptors
Cytoplasmic caspases

Question 10

During the initation process, there is a transient vasoconstriction proceed by vasodilation

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What causes
Rubor - redness
Calor- increased temperature

Answer 11

Increased blood flow to area

Question 12

What causes tumour

Answer 12

Vascular endothelial cell retraction with exudates and leucocytes

Question 13

What amplifies the process of initiation

Answer 13

Chemical mediators produced by the leucocytes

Question 14

What causes

dolor - pain

and

function Lasae- Loss of function

Answer 14

Chemical mediators stimulating nerve endings

Question 15

Initiator of acute inflammation

Answer 15

Sentinel cells(macrophages)

Question 16

Where are the chemical mediators like(cytokines) produced from
What stimulates them

Answer 16

Sentinel leukocytes

Question 17

What stimulates the sentinel leucocytes to initiate the process

Answer 17

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 18

Inflammatory cells of acute inflammation

Answer 18

PMNs(Neutrophils)
Platelets
Mast cells

Question 19

Inflammatory cells of chronic inflammation

Answer 19

Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells

Question 20

What is a strong initiator of acute inflammation

Answer 20

Interleukins-1(cytokine)

Question 21

What are the two important functions of mediators

Answer 21

Recruitment of leukocytes through(chemotactic factors such as cytokines(chemokines)

Vasodilation and vascular endothelial retraction through(vasoactive mediators)- Histamine, NO, serotonin

Question 22

Growth factors are produced by what to cause repairs

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

What is resolution

Answer 23

Termination of inflammatory response, after the offending agent has been removed with the process of repair continued

Question 24

Resolution involves what process

Answer 24

Gene silencing

Reprogramming

Question 25

Anti-inflammatory agents include

Answer 25

IL-6,10,11,12,13

Question 26

Adhesion molecules produced by the endothelium and leukocytes respectively

Answer 26

P & E selectin L selectin L and P selectin binds losely q

Question 27

Cyclooxygenase pathway is inhibited by

Answer 27

Aspirin

Question 28

Cyclooxygenase pathway is involved in

Answer 28

Vascular endothelial retraction Vasodilation Platelet aggregation

Question 29

5-lipoxygenase pathway is involved in

Answer 29

Bronchospasm

Question 30

Two important inflammatory cytokines are

Answer 30

IL-1 | TNF

Question 31

The key factor in chronic inflammation is

Answer 31

Macrophage activity

Question 32

In chronic inflammation, lymphocytes and macrophages activate each other by producing cytokines. True/False

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Functions of TH17

Answer 33

Produces cytokines that recruits Neutrophils

Question 34

Macrophages presents antigens to T-lymphocytes. T/F

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is a granuloma formation

Answer 35

This is a protective mechanism designed to isolate a foreign agent by accumulation of activated macrophages