Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomic pathology > Introduction to Immunology. 1&2 > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology. 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

The body’s defense system can be divided into

A
  1. Natural/Innate/Non-specific
    E.g unbroken skin, Any body’s secretion, Basic proteins like: lysosome, lysozyme, lysoferrin e.t.c, cells: PMNs, macrophages, NK cells
  2. Adaptive/Acuired/specific:
    Cellular immunity- T-cells
    Humoral- B-cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which immunity is capable of recognizing antigens

A

Adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute inflammation is a component of

A

Innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defense against Intracellular microbes by adaptive immunity is specifically by

A

Cell mediated(T lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Defense against extracellular microbes by adaptive immunity is specifically by

A

Humoral(B lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antibodies are secreted by

A

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The three ways in which antibodies work

A

Neutralization
Opsonization- interaction with phagocytes
Complement activation-direct lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are antibodies

A

Cell surface Receptors(immunoglobulin molecules) of B cells(Derived and matured in Bone marrow )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developement of T lymphocyte

A

Arise in bone marrow but mature’s in Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organs of immune system

A

Bone marrow
Thymus
Spleen
MALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary lymphoid organ

A

Spleen
Peyer’s patches
Tonsils and adenoids
Collections in lungs,git,liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Percentage of T-lymphocytes making up blood lymphocytes

A

60-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ respectively.

A

60%

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Master regulators

A

CD4+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What areas in the LN and spleen is T lymphocytes found

A

Paracortical

Periarterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 signals for activation of Tcells

A
  1. MHC-bound antigen with TCR

2. CD28 molecules on T cells with BT-1, BT-2 expressed on APC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Division of CD4

A

TH1- IL2, interferon gamma-yIFN(for delayed hypersensitivity), macrophage activation, synthesis of igG2B

TH2- secretes IL4,IL5 which aids type 1 hypersensitivity rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CD4 binds to what MHC on antigens

A

MHCII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CD8 binds to what MHC on APC

A

MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

B-lymphocytes constitute how many percentage of lymphocytes

A

10-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macrophages plays both -&- function of immune response

A

Induction and effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What presents antigen to immunocompetent T-cells

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What plays the effector role in delayed hypersensitivity rxn

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What plays the effector role in humoral immunity
Macrophages
26
Are dendritic cells phagocytes
No
27
Dentritic cells contains what MHC class.
II
28
Function of dendritic cells
They present Ag to CD4+
29
Examples of dendritic cells
Langerhan cells | Follicular dendritic cells
30
Cytokines that mediates natural immunity
IL-1, TNF, IL-6
31
Cytokines that regulates lymphocyte growth, activation and differentiation
IL-2,4,5,TGF-Beta,IL-15
32
Cytokines that activates inflammatory cells
IFN-y, TNF-a, , TNF-F
33
Chemokines(cytokines that affects leukocyte movement)
IL-8
34
What are the properties of cytokines
1. They are produced by several different cells 2. Pleiotropic effect- can act on many cell type. e.g IL-2 can act on both B cells and NK to cause growth and differentiation
35
Mention the 3 ways cytokines induce their effect
Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine
36
Major Histocompatibility antigen physiological function
Bind to the peptide fragment of foreign proteins for presentation to specific T-cells
37
MHC are clustered in a small segment of what chromosome
Chromosome 6.
38
The 3 classes of MHC and their function
I & II(cell surface glycoprotein) | III(component of compliment system)
39
Mention the 3 antigens in Class I of MHC
HLA-A,B,C
40
Mention the 3 antigens in Class II of MHC
HLA-DP,DQ,DR
41
Mention all cells that have the class-I MHC
All Nucleated cells CD8+ Platelets
42
Cells having class II
Macrophages Dendritic ells CD4 B cells
43
Hypersensitive rxn can be divided into
Immediate Delayed Antibody dysfunction
44
Immediate hypersensitivity has how many types
Type 1-3
45
Ppts of type 1- Anaphylaxis
Atopy Anaphylaxis Asthma Rxn of Ag and Ab on MAST cells and BASOPHILS. Mediated by IgE(effector) It is local- eye, Nose,
46
Mention the phases of Type-1 hypersensitivity rxn
Early | Late
47
Mediators of TYPE-1 hypersensitivity
Leucotrienes Histamine Cytokine
48
What drugs stimulates Type 1 rxn
Codeine | Morphine
49
Clinical Examples of Type-1 hypersensitivity rxn
Local- allergic rhinitis Some Bronchial asthma Urticaria Systemic- penicillin allergy
50
Type 2- Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxic rxn ppts.
Cells Predisposed to phagocytocis by humoral antibodies Cytotoxicity is mediated by NK,macrophages,PMNs
51
Clinical examples of type-2 rxn
Transfusion rxn Erythroblastosis fetalis Autoimmune Haemolytic anaemia Pemphigus
52
Type 3- immune complex clinical example-:
Acute Glomerulonephritis
53
Effector of immune complex rxn
IgG and complement
54
Type 4- cell-mediated rxn(delayed)
Delayed type- CD4+ | Direct cell cytotoxicity- by CD8+
55
Clinical examples of type IV
Contact dermatitis
56
Type V-autoimmune disease
Grave’s disease | Myasthenia gravis
57
Effectors of type V
IgG or IgM
58
What is immunologic tolerance?
State of an individual inability to develop a immune response to a specific antigen.
59
Self tolerance
Lack of responsive to an individual antigen
60
Primary immunodeficiency is almost
Genetically determined
61
Secondary immunodeficiency is caused by
``` Complications of infections Malnutrition Aging Side effects of immunosuppressant Chemotherapy for cancer AIDS ```

anatomic pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions