Acute & Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
(21 cards)
What type of inflammation that involves only the innate immune system?
Acute inflammation
What type of inflammation is long term and can last up to years?
Chronic inflammation
What type of inflammation involve both innate and adaptive immune systems?
Chronic inflammation
What are the causes of inflammation ?
Microbial infection
Physical agents
Irritants e.g., corrosive chemicals
Tissue necrosis
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
• Redness (rubor) – Dilation of small blood vessels
• Heat (calor) – Increased blood flow (hyperaemia)
• Swelling (tumor) – Accumulation of fluid in extra vascular space (oedema)
• Pain (dolor) – Stretching of tissues and due to release of chemical mediators
• Loss of function
What is Exudation?
The vessels become ‘leaky’ and allow passage of fluid
What inflammatory exudate consists of ?
• Fluids and salts
• Glucose and oxygen
• Soluble mediators
• Fibrin
What are the main types of soluble mediators?
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Serotonin
Bradykinin
What are the main roles of Histamine?
What is the main roles of Prostaglandins in inflammation?
Causes vascular dilation Prostaglandins
Acts of nerve fibres – itching
Role in tissue remodelling
What are the four plasma factor systems?
- Complement
- Kinin system
- Coagulation
- Fibrinolytic system
Kinin system
Involves plasma protein( kallikrein) which:
Generated by Hagemen factor
Converts Kininogens to kinins (e.g. bradykinin)
Coagulation System
Leads to formation of a stable blood clot (consists of fibrin)
Fibrinolytic system
Involves plasmin prevents excessive clotting of blood by degrading fibrin
What is Haemostasis?
Stop the flow of the blood
Disorders of the plasma factor systems
Von Willebrand disease
Haemophilia A
Haemophilia B
Warfarin
Heparin
Examples of acute inflammation
Gingivitis
Abscess formation
Pericoronitis
Cellulitis
Angular Cheilitis
Ludwig’s Angina
Where does pus form?
Pyogenic membrane
Non-specific chronic inflammation
e.g. periodontitis
Failure to resolve acute inflammation Persistent bouts of acute inflammation Excessive suppuration - pus formation
Specific (Primary) chronic inflammation
Arises de novo (New source)
Persistent exposure to agent
What is Orofacial Granulomatosis ?
Characterized by excessively activated tissue macrophages
Epithelioid macrophages
Giant cells consist of these macrophages fused together
B and T cells also present
Granulomas form in the soft tissue
