Intro Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is immunology?
The study of the immune system
Pathology
The study of the causes/effects of diseases
Why immunology and pathology are important?
To make the correct diagnosis
To give the correct treatment
To understand systemic diseases
To make appropriate referrals
To advise and educate patients
What is aetiology?
The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.
What is morphology?
The phenotypic changes associated with a disease.
What is pathogenesis?
Progressive changes as disease develops
What is sequalae?
What happens next? Can involve intervention
What are the diseases that linked with periodontitis?
Diabetes
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Stroke
Alzheimer’s Disease
Surgical Sieve
Differential diagnosis in which the clinician must distinguish symptoms of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features
Mention the organs of the immune system
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen
Where is the thymus located?
Behind the breastbone
Where does the T-cells mature?
In the thymus
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Produce and store cells that fight infection and disease.
What will happen to the lymph nodes when someone get infection?
Lymph nodes can get larger and feel sore.
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
What is the system that connect the 4 main organs of the immune system?
Lymphatic system
What are the function of the lymphatic system?
-Transport clean fluids back to the blood
-Drains excess fluids from tissues
-Removes “debris” from cells of body
-Transports fats from digestive system
What are the 2 branches of the immune system?
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Innate immunity
Non-specific/ effective/ fast first line defence (1-4 days)
Regular contact with pathogens which are destroyed within minutes or hours, only rarely causing disease
- Examples:
1-Epithelium (skin): physical barrier
2-Innate cell subsets & complement: Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells
3-Chemokines/cytokines: cell recruitment, activation and proliferation
Adaptive immunity
Specific/long lived second line defence (4-10 days)
Repeat infections met immediately with strong/specific respons
- Examples
1-B cell (Humoral) → Antibody production
2-T cells (Cell-mediated) → Cell-cell communication (Various types)
What is inflammation and what is aimed to?
“to set on fire”
Aimed at eliminating inciting cause:
• invading microorganisms
• particulate materials e.g. dust\ prostheses e.g. denture material
• altered self cells
• transformed malignant cells (cancer)
Stages of inflammation
1) Initiation - Response to harmful stimuli
2) Progression - Containment of harmful stimuli
3) Amplification - Modulation of immune response
4) Resolution - Healing (Acute inflammation)\ Failure to resolve - (Chronic inflammation)
