Innate Immunity 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What innate immune system consist of?
Consist of epithelium and innate immune cells
Name the receptors that recognize ‘unique’ features of microbes
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Receptor activation leads to:
An “effector response”
What type of innate immune cell is most abundant at the oral mucosa?
Neutrophils - 95%
What cytokine is responsible for neutrophil recruitment/attraction?
CXCL8 (IL-8)
What is diapedesis?
A process which neutrophils and other immune cells migrate to site of infection\ migration of immune cells out of circulation into blood vessel walls
What are the three main families of Cell adhesion molecules?
- Selectins - E.g. P & E-selectins
- Integrins - E.g. LFA-I
- Immunoglobulin superfamily
What type of cytokines can be chemokines?
Endocrine cytokines
Example of chemical mediator
Histamine
What types of innate immune cells are responsible for anti-parasitic immunity
Eosinophils and basophils
Main cell types that undergo “degranulation”
Any cells that contain granules
Main roles of histamine
-Vasodilation
-Increases vascular permeability of blood vessels
-Smooth muscle contraction
-Bronchoconstriction
-Neurotransmission (sensation of itching in allergies)
What are the main functions of neutrophils?
Degranulation
Produce NETs (Neutrophil extracellular trap)
What is NETosis?
activation leads to release of proteins and chromatin (DNA) to form extra-cellular fibril matrix
What are the main functions of NK cells?
Recognize and kill abnormal cells (+ invading microbes)
NK cells release perforin and granzymes
What is Phagocytosis?
A process utilized by phagocytes cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, DCs
Mention stages of phagocytosis?
- Recognition
- Engulfment
- Phagosome
- Phagolysosome
- Cell digestion
- Residual bodies
- Exocytosis
Mention antigen presenting cells
DCs, Macrophages, B cells
what cellular response is essential in linking between innate and adaptive immunity?
Antigen presentation
What molecule is responsible in presentation of endogenous proteins?
MHCI found in nucleated cells
What molecule is responsible in presentation of exogenous proteins?
MHCII (post-phagpcytosis)
What is the largest component of human blood
Plasma (~55%)
What 4 enzymatic cascade systems do plasma contain?
- Complement
- Kinins
- Coagulation factors
- Fibrinolytic system
What are complement’s?
a collection of soluble proteins that drive inflammation or opsonization
