Acute kidney injury

Question 1

What is AKI?

Answer 1

abrupt sustained rise in serum urea and creatinine due tor acid decline in GFR leading to failure to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis

Question 2

What are the stages and their causes?

Answer 2

Pre-renal: renal hypo perfusions eg. HTN, hypovolaemia
Renal: renal parenchyma damaged cute tubular necrosis
Post-renal: urinary tract obstruction eg. stones, clots, malignancy

Question 3

What are the different investigations for AKI

Answer 3

Urine dipstick: infection (leucocytes and nitrites)
blood count: anaemia
mid-stream: microbiology
ultrasound
CT-KUB (gold standard)
biopsy

Question 4

How to treat AKI?

Answer 4

Pre-renal: correct fluids, treat sepsis
Renal: refer to nephrology
Post-renal: catheterise

Question 5

What are nephrotoxic drugs:

Answer 5

NSAIDs, ACEI, gentamicin

Question 6

What are the three types of dialysis?

Answer 6

Peritoneal dialysis
Hemofiltration
Haemodialysis