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Flashcards in Acute kidney injury Deck (9)
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1
Q

acute kidney injury

A

deterioration in kidney function within a few hours or days

2
Q

acute kidney failure

A

when renal injury progresses to the point where kidney stops working entirely

3
Q

Pre renal kidney failure

A
  1. reduction of blood flow to the kidneys leading to underperfusion
  2. Reduced blood supply -> reduced gfr
  3. Reduces urine output (oliguria) - accumulation of water and body fluids
  4. If blood flow falls below 25% of normal - kidney injury cannot be restored
  5. Cells become hypoxic, necrosis, further reduction in blood flow
  6. Can progress to intrarenal AKI
4
Q

Causes of pre renal kidney injury

A

Hypovolemia - Diarrohea, haemorrhage, vomiting, reduced CO, Cardiac Failure
MI
Sepsis - systemic vasodilation

5
Q

Intrinsic renal failure

A

Injury within the kidney itself

6
Q

Causes of intrinsic renal failure

A
  1. Conditions which damage the glomerular capillaries
    - Acute glomerularnephritis
    autoimmune reaction which damages the glomerulus
    - Malignant hypertension
  2. Main cause is Acute Tubular Necrosis
    - Severe ischaemia - dead cells plug up nephrons so there is no urine output
    - toxins or medication
    3, Damage renal interstitium
    - Acute interstitial nephritis - hypersensitivity reaction, causes inflammation and damage to tubules.
7
Q

Post renal acute kidney injury

A

obstruction of the urinary tract leading to intratubular pressure and fall in GFR

8
Q

Causes of post renal kidney injury

A
  • Obstruction of urinary tract
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Stones
  • Tumors ( prostate/cervical )
9
Q

Clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury

A
  • Oedema and hypertension - retention of water and waste products
  • Hyperkalemia - retention of K+ ions
  • Retention of H+ - metabolic acidosis -> high resp rate