Chronic kidney disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chronic kidney disease Deck (13)
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1
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

Decreased kidney function persisting for 3 > months or sustained fall in GFR to <60ml /min per 1.73m2

2
Q

Pathophys of CKD

A
  1. Compensate for injury by increasing filteration through remaining nephrons
  2. Hypertrophy and vasodilation of remaining nephrons
  3. Increased glomerular pressure causes scarring of the glomerulus and progressive damage
    CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CAN PROGRESS TO END STAGE RENAL DISEASE WHERE TRANSPLANT OR DIALYSIS IS NEEDED
3
Q

Causes of CKD

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus

2. Hypertension - causes chronic glomerular nephritis

4
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

normal or high GFR (GFR > 90 mL/min)

5
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A
Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 mL/min)
Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR = 45-59 mL/min)
Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-44 mL/min)
Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 mL/min)
Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)
6
Q

Stage 3A CKD

A

Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR = 45-59 mL/min)

7
Q

STAGE 3B CKD

A

Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-44 mL/min)

8
Q

STAGE 4 CKD

A

Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 mL/min)

9
Q

STAGE 5 CKD

A

Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)

10
Q

Invest for CKD

A
  • Ultrasound of Kidney to show scarring

* Serum creatinine is raised

11
Q

Hypertension as a cause of CKD

A
  1. Glomerulus to thicken to withstand high pressure
  2. Lumen narrows as a resut
  3. Reduced bloodflow -> reduced GFR
  4. Activates RAAS system
  5. Blood pressure increased further
  6. Glomerularsclerosis - scarring
12
Q

Diabetes as a cause of CKD

A
  1. Excess glucose sticks to proteins in efferent arterioless
  2. Arterioles stiffen and become narrower
  3. Increases pressure within glomerulus
  4. Hyperfiltration -> glomerularslcrosis
13
Q

Clinical manifestations of CKD

A
  1. Azotemia - build up of urea and toxins
  2. Encephalopathy - asterexis ( tremor of hands)
  3. Pericarditis - pericardial rub
  4. Hyperkalemia - cardiac arrythmia
  5. No erythropoetin - anaemia
  6. Unable to activate vit D - hypocalcemia (renal osteodystrophy)