acute microbiology

Question 1

streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 1

gram positive, round

ear infections and sepsis

Question 2

s. aureus

Answer 2

gram positive
cocci
URT and skin

Question 3

H. influenza

Answer 3

gram negative

rods

Question 4

gram negative

Answer 4

outer cell membrane
cross linked
stain pink
e.coli, influenza, chlamydia

Question 5

gram positive

Answer 5

no outer membrane
bridging
stain purple
S. aureus

Question 6

peptidoglycan

Answer 6

structure, rigidity

osmotic bursting

Question 7

capsules

Answer 7

hydrophobic

simple layer

Question 8

biofilms

Answer 8

adheres to a surface
cell cell interactions
can re-colonise in other areas
inherent resistance

Question 9

genetic replication

Answer 9

binding and entry
genome replication
viral mRNA transcription
assembly and release

Question 10

viral cell killing

Answer 10

lyse the cell on the way out

Question 11

immunopathology

Answer 11

disease from the immune response

Question 12

normal flora

Answer 12

normal micro-organisms on a healthy individual

Question 13

function of normal flora

Answer 13

microbial defence, useful biochemical reaction, can cause disease/resistance

Question 14

impetigo

Answer 14

pus
pyogenes/aueus
face, common in kids
flucloxacillin

Question 15

furuncle

Answer 15

large pimple
can be deep
aureus
drain and flucloxacillin

Question 16

cellulitis

Answer 16

deeper spreading
from skin breach
aureus/pyogenes
flucloxacillin

Question 17

primary infection herpes

Answer 17

lytic in skin lesions

1 orofacial, 2 genital

Question 18

secondary herpes

Answer 18

reactivation

stress/immunocompromised

Question 19

transmission of herpes simplex

Answer 19

contact with lesion

Question 20

varicella zoster primary

Answer 20

chickenpox
vesicular rash
fever

Question 21

varicella zoster secondary

Answer 21

shingles

torso and eyes

Question 22

HPV

Answer 22

warts

Question 23

rubeola mechanism

Answer 23

measles

enters URT lymphoid cells, replicates and invades

Question 24

middle ear infection

Answer 24

p. pneumoniae, influenza, pyogenes

Question 25

paranasal

Answer 25

viral (rhino) bacterial (pneumoniae, influenza, aureus)

Question 26

pharyngitis

Answer 26

viral (rhino), bacterial (anaerobes strep pyogenes)

Question 27

streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 27

treat with penicillin | secondary- rheumatic

Question 28

epstein barr virus

Answer 28

herpes | B cells

Question 29

bronchiolitis

Answer 29

RSV, parainfluenza PCR supportive treatment

Question 30

influenza

Answer 30

infects and kills ciliated resp cells | secondary= pneumonia

Question 31

pneumonia

Answer 31

pneumoniae, inflluenza, aureus

Question 32

pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 32

strep pneumoniae community acquired gram positive, capsule, secretes IgA protease penicillin

Question 33

ß lactams action

Answer 33

attack the cell wall synthesis by inhibiting enzyme that cross links the wall

Question 34

ß lactamases

Answer 34

inactivate ß lactams, present in aureus

Question 35

flucloxacillin

Answer 35

ß lactamase stable, allows to be used on aureus

Question 36

clavulanic acid

Answer 36

used in combination to prevent ß lactamase inhibitor

Question 37

pyogenes antibiotic

Answer 37

penicillin