Acute Responses Cardiovascular

Question 1

Increased heart rate. What does heart rate refer to? Resting heart rate meaning? Maximal heart rate meaning?

Answer 1

Heart rate refers to the number of times the heart contracts of beats per minute. Resting heart rate refers to the number of heartbeats per minute whilst the body is at rest. Maximal heart rate refers to the highest heart rate value achieved in an all out effort to the point of exhaustion.

Question 2

Increased stoke volume.
What is rest/max SV for untrained?
What is rest/max SV for trained?
What is rest/max SV for highly trained?

Answer 2

is defined as the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each beat contraction of the heart. Increases during exercise, plateaus at 40 and 60 percent MHR.

Untrained rest/max: 60-80/ 110-130
Trained rest/max: 70-90/ 110 - 150
High rest/max: 80-110/ 160 - 220

Question 3

Increased cardiac output.

Answer 3

is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute.
- During sub-maximal exercise the increase in cardiac output is the result of an increase in both heart rate and stroke volume.
- as exercise intensity increases towards maximal/high intensity (beyond 40-60% MHR) the further increase in cardiac output is the result of an increase in heart rate.

Question 4

Increased blood pressure.

Answer 4

pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls, it is forced through the circulatory system by the action of the heart. systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic increase during exercise, especially during heaviest workloads.

Question 5

Redistribution of blood flow to working muscles.

Answer 5

the rest of the blood flow from exercise is distributed to the working muscles of the body. Achieved through capillaries and arterioles supplying the working muscles expand in diameter (vasodilation) blood flow to organs of the body is reduced (vasoconstriction).

Question 6

increased arteriovenous oxygen difference

Answer 6

measure of the eidfference in the concentration of oxygen in there arterial blood and the concentration of oxygen in the venous blood. At rest approx 20 millilitres per 100 millilitres of blood. 15 millilitres in the veins, therefore 5. During exercise increase to as high as 15-18 millilitres per 100 millilitres of blood.

Question 7

increase venous return to heart

Answer 7

assisted by muscle pump, respiratory pump and venoconstriction

Question 8

decrease blood volume?

Answer 8

plasma lost due to sweat