acute visual loss

Question 1

what is the 1st surface that the light has to go thru

Answer 1

tear film

Question 2

order of media as light passes thru eye

Answer 2

1. tear film
2. cornea
3. anterior chamber
4. lens
5. vitreous

Question 3

what is a common cause of corneal edema?

Answer 3

increased IOP

Question 4

what is corneal edema often caused by

Answer 4

corneal edema

Question 5

Very red eye, very painful, mid-dilated fixed pupil, acute onset, blurred vision

Answer 5

acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 6

blood in the anterior chamber due to blunt trauma

Answer 6

hyphema

Question 7

what are lenticular changes?

Answer 7

cataracts

Question 8

does hyphema or vitreous hemorrhage resolve faster?

Answer 8

hyphema

Question 9

what is vitreous hemorrhage most commonly due to?

Answer 9

diabetic retinopathy with neovascularization

Question 10

vitreous detachment is most commonly due to?

Answer 10

myopia

Question 11

when specks/clumps create shadows reflected onto the retina

Answer 11

vitreous detachment

Question 12

flashes of light + floaters; followed by shade in visual field

Answer 12

retinal detachment

Question 13

does vitreous detachment or retinal detachment require immediate care

Answer 13

retinal detachment

Question 14

where does retinal detachment begin and dissect?

Answer 14

begins peripherally, dissects posteriorly

Question 15

leading cause of blindness in US (3)

Answer 15

1. diabetes
2. macular degeneration
3. glaucoma

Question 16

sudden loss of vision due to neovascular net bleeding

Answer 16

wet form of macular degeneration

Question 17

temporary arterial obstruction with monocular dimming of vision

Answer 17

amaurosis fugax

Question 18

amaurosis fugax results in what sort of visual loss?

Answer 18

sudden, transient

Question 19

if someone presents with amaurosis fugax, then what tests to do?

Answer 19

carotid U/S, echo, or holter monitor

Question 20

visual sx of migraine (5)

Answer 20

1. scintillating scotoma
2. amaurosis fugax
3. transient cortical blindness
4. homonymous hemianopia
5. classic/ opthalmic

Question 21

sudden painless loss of vision that is a true ocular emergency

Answer 21

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 22

opaque retina with a cherry red spot

Answer 22

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 23

which type of retinal artery occlusion is more associated with emboli?

Answer 23

branch retinal artery occlusion

Question 24

branch retinal artery occlusion is most commonly what type of emboli

Answer 24

cardiac, talk, fat, vasculitis

Question 25

blood and thunder appearance

Answer 25

central retinal vein occlusion

Question 26

if someone has optic neuritis, they may have_____

Answer 26

multiple sclerosis

Question 27

tx of optic neuritis

Answer 27

corticosteroids parental

Question 28

2 types of optic neuritis

Answer 28

1. papillitis | 2. retrobulbar neuritis

Question 29

subgrp of optic neuritis involving optic nerve

Answer 29

papillitis

Question 30

young adult with monocular progressive loss of vision over hrs to days

Answer 30

retrobulbar neuritis

Question 31

which type of optic neuritis presents with pain on extraocular movement?

Answer 31

retrobulbar neuritis

Question 32

poor vision, pain on EOM, RAPD

Answer 32

retrobulbar neuritis

Question 33

in papilledema, vision and pupillary responses are _____ vs in papillitis vision and pupillary responses are_____

Answer 33

normal; abnormal

Question 34

disc edema in age >55

Answer 34

ischemic optic neuropathy

Question 35

if you suspect ischemic optic neuropathy, what should you test?

Answer 35

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 36

cephalalgia, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, malaise, anthralgia

Answer 36

ischemic optic neuropathy

Question 37

tx of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Answer 37

high dose systemic steroids

Question 38

HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 38

giant cell arteritis