Adaptations/Natural and Artificial Selection

Question 1

What is an adaptation?

Answer 1

Something that allows for an animal to survive in its environment.

Question 2

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 2

Inherited characteristic that helps an organism survive.

Question 3

What is a behavioral adaptation?

Answer 3

Things that an organism does to survive in an environment.

Question 4

What is an example of a structural adaptation?

Answer 4

A fish gills which allows them to breath underwater.

Polar Bears having black skin to help absorb sunlight

Question 5

What is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

Answer 5

Bears hibernating because it helps them survive cold and the lack of food.
A squirrel storing food for winter

Question 6

Who is the Father of Evolution?

Answer 6

Charles Darwin

Question 7

What mechanism for evolution did Darwin propose?

Answer 7

Natural Selection

Question 8

What is natural selection?

Answer 8

Organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others.

Question 9

What are the four steps of natural selection?

Answer 9

Overproduction, variation, competition, and selection.

Question 10

What is overproduction?

Answer 10

Each species produce more offspring than can live.

Question 11

What is variation?

Answer 11

Each individual has a unique combination of inherited traits.

Question 12

Why is variation important?

Answer 12

The more variation of types of species in a habitat the more likely at least some will survive.

Question 13

What is competition?

Answer 13

When individuals compete for limited resources. Ex. - Food, water, space, mates, etc…

Question 14

What does natural selection occur through?

Answer 14

“Survival of the fittest.”

Question 15

What does fittest refer to natural selection?

Answer 15

The best-adapted organism.

Question 16

What is selection?

Answer 16

The individuals with the best traits/adaptations will survive and have the opportunity to pass on it’s traits to offspring.

Question 17

What is selective breeding?

Answer 17

The process by which humans breed animals or plants for particular traits.

Question 18

What is artificial selection?

Answer 18

The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits.

Question 19

What happens during selective breeding?

Answer 19

Animals or plants are mated or cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits.

Question 20

Why do humans use selective breeding?

Answer 20

They breed different organisms for certain traits, but they also are selecting for certain genes.

Question 21

What are dogs bred to do? (man has changed the traits or organisms by selective breeding)

Answer 21

Bred to be friendly

Question 22

What are cows bred to do? (man has changed the traits or organisms by selective breeding)

Answer 22

Bred to produce more milk

Question 23

What are horses bred to do? (man has changed the traits or organisms by selective breeding)

Answer 23

Bred for speed

Question 24

What are peaches bred to do? (man has changed the traits or organisms by selective breeding)

Answer 24

Bred for size, the amount of fruit, and for color.

Question 25

What is a major disadvantage or selective breeding? (general disadvantage) Example?

Answer 25

It can create organisms that are dangerous to the population. Ex. - African Honey Bee

Question 26

What can selective breeding lead to?

Answer 26

The inability to reproduce.

Question 27

What can selective breeding remove?

Answer 27

It can remove variation in a population.

Question 28

What can selective breeding create?

Answer 28

New mutations.

Question 29

What can selective breeding prolong?

Answer 29

The existence of harmful mutations.

Question 30

What can selective breeding be? (Very)

Answer 30

Very expensive

Question 31

What can selective breeding cause?

Answer 31

Harm to the animals that are being bred such as a shorter life span.

Question 32

What must be presented in a community for it to have the best chance of survival?

Answer 32

Variation.

Question 33

If a helpful mutation appears that allows a living thing to be more adapted to its environment?

Answer 33

They will live longer and the better-adapted organism will increase.

Question 34

What is the difference between a behavioral adaptation and a structural adaptation?

Answer 34

Structural adaptations are inherited characteristics and behavioral adaptations are things an organism does.

Question 35

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

Answer 35

Artificial selection is the breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits due to natural selection is organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others.

Question 36

How long has selective breeding been around?

Answer 36

10,000 years or a very long time.

Question 37

How many disadvantages to artificial selection are there?

Answer 37

6