Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Adaptive defenses

Answer 1

-Humoral Immunity (B cells)

-Cellular Immunity (T cells)

Question 2

Adaptive defense system

Answer 2

-Third line of defense

-Attacks particular foreign substances

-Takes longer to react than innate system

Question 3

Adaptive defenses

Answer 3

-Specific

-Systemic

-Memory

-Two separate, overlapping arms

Question 4

Specific

Answer 4

Recognizes and targets specific antigens

Question 5

Systemic

Answer 5

Not restricted to initial site of infection

Question 6

Has memory

Answer 6

Stronger attacks to “known” antigens (previously encountered pathogens)

Question 7

Two separate overlapping arms

Answer 7

-Humoral (antibody mediated) immunity

-Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity

Question 8

Goals of the adaptive immune response

Answer 8

-Deal with infected cells

-Destroy pathogens

-Prevent future infections

Question 9

Lymphocytes

Answer 9

White blood cells that carry out the adaptive immune response

Question 10

Antigens

Answer 10

-Protein markers on the outside of cells and pathogens

-Can be familiar or foreign

-Helps the immune system identify threats

-Bound and blocked by antibodies

Question 11

Cast of the adaptive immune response

Answer 11

-Macrophage

-Helper T cell

-Cytotoxic T cell

-B cell

-Memory cell

Question 12

Step 1

Answer 12

Macrophages from the innate immune response engulf the pathogen

The antigens from the pathogen are displayed on the macrophage

Question 13

Step 2

Answer 13

Macrophages travel to the lymph nodes and activate the helper T cells

Question 14

Step 3

Answer 14

Helper T cells clone themselves and release chemicals called cytokines

Question 15

Cell mediated immune response (1)

Answer 15

-Goal: deal with infected cells and destroy pathogen

-Cells used: T cells

-Cells target virus infected cells

-Cellular immunity has cellular targets!

Question 16

Humoral immune response (1)

Answer 16

-Goal: destroy pathogen and prevent future infection

-Cells used: B cells, memory cells

-Cells produce chemicals for defense

-Humoral immunity has extracellular targets

Question 17

Cell mediated 4a

Answer 17

Cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells

Question 18

Humoral 4b

Answer 18

Cytokines activate B cells

B cells begin producing antibodies that match the antigens of the pathogen

Question 19

Cell mediated 5a

Answer 19

Cytotoxic T cells travel to the site of infection and destroy infected cells by using perforins to pop the cells membrane

Question 20

Humoral 5b

Answer 20

The antibodies bind to the pathogen’s antigens (2 matching puzzle pieces), blocking the pathogen from infecting more host cells

Question 21

Humoral 6b

Answer 21

Some B cells become antibody-producing memory cells, which last a long time and provide immunity from the pathogen